5G Core Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents a core principle of the 5G system architecture related to network function behavior?

  • Favoring "stateful" NFs, where the "compute" resource is coupled with the "storage resource".
  • Enabling each network function to interact with other network functions directly, minimizing reliance on intermediaries. (correct)
  • Prioritizing stateless network functions to decouple access and control plane functionalities.
  • Maximizing dependencies between the access network and core network to ensure tight integration.

In 5G Core, a single UE can only connect to a single network slice at any given time, ensuring isolation and exclusive resource allocation.

False (B)

Within the context of the 5G core network architecture, what critical role does the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) play, particularly concerning the provisioning of security information?

The AUSF is crucial for performing authentication and providing security information to the AMF. This process ensures only authorized devices can access the network.

The ______ function is responsible for enabling secure exposure of 3GPP network capabilities and events to external entities.

<p>Network Exposure Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Link the following 5G Core architectural components with their corresponding functions:

<p>Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) = Manages UE registration, connection, reachability, and mobility, acts as the termination point for RAN CP interface (N2). Session Management Function (SMF) = Responsible for session establishment, modification, and release, as well as UP function selection and control. Policy Control Function (PCF) = Supports a unified policy framework for controlling network behavior and provides policy rules to CP functions. User Plane Function (UPF) = Acts as the anchor point for intra-/inter-RAT mobility and as the external PDU session point for interconnect to Data Networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT included on release 15’s new 5G core architecture?

<p>Massive IoT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core architecture, the User Plane Function (UPF) is exclusively responsible for mobility management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key benefit of CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation) architecture implemented in 5G Core networks?

<p>CUPS enables the independent scaling and distribution of control plane and user plane functions, allowing for optimized network performance and resource utilization based on specific service requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a function in 5G Core used to select a set of network slice instances that a UE will use.

<p>Network Slice Selection Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each standardized 5QI value with a service example:

<p>1 = Conversational Voice 4 = Non conversational video (Buffered Streaming) 65 = Mission Critical user plane 66 = Non Mission critical user Plane Push to talk Voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol uses traffic steering at UPF to route traffic to proper destination?

<p>Session Management Function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 3GPP mandates a specific hardware configuration and operating system for implementing 5G Core network functions to ensure standardization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elaborate on the significance and function of the Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI) within the context of 5G network security and subscriber privacy.

<p>The SUCI addresses privacy concerns by encrypting the SUPI over the air, protecting the subscriber's permanent identity from eavesdropping and unauthorized tracking, thereby enhancing network security and user trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the 5G core architecture, the role of ______ is to provide service discovery and selection functionalities, facilitating the registration and deregistration of network function services.

<p>Network Repository Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each mobility case used in 5GC with its description:

<p>SSC Mode 1 = Anchoring the PDU session at the initial UPF, maintaining IP continuity despite mobility within 5G. SSC Mode 2 = Releasing the PDU session upon a trigger and establishing a new PDU session at the target UPF without maintaining IP continuity. SSC Mode 3 = Establishing a new PDU session at the target UPF before releasing the old one, still without maintaining IP continuity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of 'network slicing' in 5G core networks?

<p>A logical end-to-end network that enables differentiated handling of traffic to meet specific use case requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a 5G network architecture, the UE is required to simultaneously support both 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies, necessitating a unified access management procedure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the context of 5G Core, elaborate on the role of Policy and Charging Control (PCC) and how it facilitates differentiated Quality of Service (QoS) handling for diverse services.

<p>PCC enables dynamic policy enforcement and QoS management based on service type, user subscription, and network conditions. It uses the Policy Control Function (PCF) to provide rules to Control Plane functions, ensuring differentiated treatment aligning with service requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The architectural approach wherein network functions expose their capabilities through a ______ is known as Service-Based Architecture (SBA) in 5G core networks.

<p>service-based interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each 3GPP 5G standard architecture option based on its characteristics

<p>Option 3 = 5G control plane and user plane are both anchored in the 4G LTE network. Option 5 = 5G control plane and user plane are both anchored in the 5G new radio. Option 7 = 5G control plane anchors in the 5G new radio. 5G user plane anchors in the 4G network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a group of entities as serving the service’s operations in 5GC?

<p>NF Service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 5G Core network, the Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (NSSAI) is exclusively provided by the User Equipment (UE) and cannot be influenced or modified by the network.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detail the procedure for a Service Request in 5G and its relation to Discovery.

<p>Firstly, a NF service consumer must send the Service Request which requires discovery, Producer and consumer entities must leverage a proper process to get discovered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G architecture, IMS relies on ______, to function.

<p>IMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Please match the PDU Session types with their description:

<p>IPv4 = Supports for single type of PDU session for IPv4 IPv6 = Supports for single type of PDU session for IPv6 Ethernet = Supports for single type of PDU session for Ethernet</p> Signup and view all the answers

A logical network serving defined business purpose or customer?

<p>Network Slice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 5G Core stipulates that edge computing deployments must exclusively use operator-owned infrastructure to ensure security and control.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by ‘slicing’ the network, and its aim?

<p>Slicing means the capabilities for slicing services while they still function. The aim is to address new requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

5G core architecture must leverage ______ interactions between control plane network functions.

<p>service-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the 5G terms with their definitions:

<p>5G System = 3GPP system consisting of 5G Access Network, 5G Core Network and UE. 5G Access Network = Access network comprising of NG-RAN and/or non-3GPP AN connecting to 5G Core Network. NG-RAN = Radio Access Network supporting standalone (SA) or non-standalone (NSA) options with common characteristics to connect to 5GC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

“CUPS” is CP/UP separation of [blank]?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core, network slicing is primarily intended to enhance the performance of legacy 4G LTE networks by offloading excess traffic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Network Exposure Function (NEF)?

<p>Securely expose 3GPP NF capabilities and events to be called from 3rd party functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 5G Core uses ______ for it's main coding language/protocol.

<p>JSON</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the different 5G Core evolution stages with a brief description

<p>Integrated Nodes = Dedicated HW/SW with static capacity and element management. Virtualized Deployment = COTS server HW with manual life cycle management and VNF management. Cloud Deployment = Software defined infrastructure with orchestrated applications, services and automated lifecycle managing. 5G Core = Distributed cloud infrastructure with Network slice orchestration and cloud optimized applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role and deployment scope of the 5G Core Session Boundary Controller (SBC)?

<p>To govern media and signaling within, especially for IMS to work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of 5G Quality of Service, Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) flows are exclusively utilized for non-real-time data services to ensure optimal resource allocation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G core, detail what is considered 5G system and what does it consist of?

<p>5G system is the 3GPP system to support mobile communication, consisting by an UE, Access Network and Core Network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5GC the AF, or Application Function, helps implement ______ to perform UE location.

<p>Network exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of 5G core network slicing, which of the following encapsulates the principle of tailoring network capabilities to specific customer needs, driving the demand for differentiated service offerings?

<p>Implementation of fixed wireless access (FWA) technologies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 5G Core architecture mandates that all network functions (NFs) must be implemented as physical appliances to ensure optimal performance and security.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the evolution towards 5G core networks, the transition from monolithic integrated nodes to ______ marks a critical shift towards enhanced resource utilization and operational efficiency.

<p>virtualized deployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What paradigm shift does 'CUPS' (Control and User Plane Separation) represent in the evolution of mobile core network architecture?

<p>Enabling the disaggregation of control and user plane functions, optimizing resource allocation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the operational and architectural considerations necessary when migrating a 5G Core network from a non-standalone (NSA) to a standalone (SA) deployment, especially concerning service continuity and subscriber management.

<p>Migration from NSA to SA requires careful planning and execution. This includes migrating subscriber data, reconfiguring network elements, and ensuring seamless service continuity. Maintaining subscriber context and session information during the transition is critical. Operators must validate the interoperability of new and existing functions, such as AMF, SMF, and UPF, to support SA features. Address the management of mobility, authentication, and QoS policies in the new SA architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a primary technical specification that defines the architecture and procedures of the 5G system?

<p>TS 23.500 - Overall 5G System Architecture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core architecture, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is solely responsible for user authentication and has no role in mobility management once the session is established.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the implications of selecting Session and Service Continuity (SSC) mode 3 for a PDU session on the User Plane Function (UPF) selection and IP address assignment during mobility events in a 5G network.

<p>SSC mode 3, employing the 'make before break' principle, dictates that a new target UPF must be established before the previous serving UPF is released. UE connectivity via a new target UPF is done before the previous serving UPF is released, but this mode provides no IP continuity since a different IP address will be assigned for the target UPF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identifier is primarily used to conceal the Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) over the air interface in 5G networks, enhancing user privacy against IMSI-catcher attacks?

<p>SUCI (Subscription Concealed Identifier) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 5G Core architecture introduces a ______ where control plane network functions can interact with each other through well-defined interfaces, promoting modularity and scalability.

<p>Service Based Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following 5G Core network functions with their primary roles:

<p>AMF = Handles mobility management, authentication, and access control. SMF = Manages session establishment, modification, and release, including UPF control. UPF = Performs packet routing, forwarding, and policy enforcement in the user plane. PCF = Provides policy rules to control the behavior of the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) in 5G core exclusively supports devices with SIM cards, rendering it incapable of managing devices that connect without traditional SIM-based authentication.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key advancement related to network slicing was achieved in 3GPP Release 17 regarding frequency band utilization?

<p>Redirection to a dedicated frequency band by the target NSSAI sent to RAN from AMF. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Network Exposure Function (NEF) in a 5G core network?

<p>To securely expose network capabilities and events to external applications and services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ function in 5G core is critical for enabling service discovery, selection and authorization, providing a centralized repository of available network functions and their capabilities.

<p>NRF</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is defined for usage monitoring, application steering, spending limits within the PCC (Policy and Charging Control) framework?

<p>Service Data Flow(SDF) management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Unified Data Management (UDM) function in 5G Core solely manages user subscription data and has no role in storing or managing policy data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the technical challenges and solutions associated with enabling seamless interworking between a 5G core network and existing 4G LTE infrastructure, especially concerning session continuity and quality of service.

<p>Seamless 5G/4G interworking requires address translation, protocol conversion. Solutions: standardized interworking procedures (3GPP), leveraging dual-stack devices, and deploying interworking gateways to manage protocol variations. Quality of Service (QoS) is a major challenge where solutions include QoS mapping mechanisms to translate 5G QoS parameters to 4G equivalents. Using established QoS mapping techniques to ensure subscribers get good service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G, the User Plane Function (UPF) plays a crucial role. Which of the following functions lies within the UPF's responsibilities?

<p>Packet routing and forwarding, policy enforcement, and traffic usage reporting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of 5G Core architecture enhancing security and trust?

<p>Mandatory Transport Layer Security security for all network functions, including the roaming interface (TLS). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe various architectural options to support IMS voice services in 5G and the trade-offs.

<ol> <li>VoLTE in NR NSA: Reuses existing 4G VoLTE infrastructure with NR for enhanced data rates. Simple to deploy initially, but doesn't fully leverage 5G capabilities. 2) Native IMS in 5GC: Fully leverages 5G. 3)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

According to 3GPP specifications for 5G, network slicing mandates that user plane functions for different slices must always be co-located to minimize latency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental change is enabled by the introduction of the NRF within a 5G core network?

<p>Automated discovery and selection of network functions, simplifying network deployments and management. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A successful implementation of the 5G core hinges upon a robust ______ framework, providing comprehensive insights into network performance, security threats, and user behaviour.

<p>Assurance and Analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Instructions: Match these network specifications with their descriptions:

<p>3GPP TS 23.501 = Defines the 5G system architecture including high level functions 3GPP TS 23.502 = Defines procedures to capture interactions between network functions and UE 3GPP TS 23.503 = Defines the policy and charging architecture for 5G PRD NG.114 = Specifies the user-to-Network interface for VoNR (voice over new radio)</p> Signup and view all the answers

5G core slicing guarantees Quality of Service

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identifier is used to ensure subscriber privacy?

<p>SUCI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of edge network computing, which potential role could be assumed by a network operator?

<p>Edge Solution Provider (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the is a driver of CUPS (Control & User Plane Separation)

<p>Low Cost Up (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did 5GC SBA base architecture get it's release?

<p>Rel 15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A given PDU session can utilize more than one slice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There main 3GPP specs, which of the following is not one of them.

<p>5G System for Dummies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match what these all offer to the user:

<p>PDU Connectivity Service = Service providing exchange of PDUs between UE and Data Network PDU Session = Association between UE and Data Network providing PDU Connectivity Service Data Network Name (DNN) = Identifier of Data Network (DN) DN Access Identifier (DNAI) = Identifier of UP access to one or more DN(s) where applications are deployed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is UDICOM (Rel-16)?

<p>User data interworking, coexistence and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

For slicing to work, the RAN (radio access network) cannot be shared accross slices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When 5G Core is built upon EPS, what two options does it support when adding NR.

<p>Option 1; Option 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the point at which we 'make before break' and hold a PDU, according to Service and Continuity (SSC) Mode 3

<p>The new target UPF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly characterizes 5G System architecture's approach to Network Functions (NFs)?

<p>Leveraging service-based interactions between Control Plane NFs where identified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G core network evolution, the "virtualized deployment" phase is characterized by software-defined infrastructure and automated life-cycle management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial role of the Session Management Function (SMF) in conjunction with the User Plane Function (UPF) regarding Quality of Service (QoS) within a 5G network?

<p>The SMF is responsible for controlling the UPF regarding traffic steering and policy/QoS enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G, the ______ is the logical network entity primarily tasked with ensuring that a User Equipment (UE) is admitted to a network slice based on predefined criteria.

<p>NSACF</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter pair is used by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) to select a Session Management Function (SMF) for a new PDU session in 5G?

<p>Slice/Service Type (SST) and Data Network Name (DNN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of 5G Core, the User Data Repository (UDR) is responsible for storing subscription data specifically for policy decisions, while the Unified Data Management (UDM) stores subscription data for authentication purposes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical enhancement in 5G Core architecture, related to User Plane latency, is facilitated by the CUPS architecture?

<p>Distribution of the UP, allowing to reduce the latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 5G architecture uses 3GPP TS ______ to specify procedures and flows to capture interactions between the user equipment and network functions.

<p>23.502</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within a 5G core network, what is the primary function of the 'Network Exposure Function' (NEF)?

<p>Securely exposing 3GPP network capabilities to third-party application functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core, network slicing is primarily a RAN (Radio Access Network) concept with minimal impact on Core Network architecture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Network Slicing, what three dimensions are part of the strategy?

<p>Resource &amp; traffic slicing, network as a service &amp; operational slicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Radio Access Network slicing allows for the ______ of network resources, enabling mobile network operators to offer customized services tailored to varying use case requirements.

<p>partitioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following 5G Core architectural enhancements with their respective descriptions:

<p>Enhanced Network Slicing = Optimizes frequency band allocation and slice management based on RAN conditions. Extended Edge support = Simplifies distributed anchor deployments and introduces session breakout functionalities. Enhanced Analytics = Enhances data traffic analysis to improve quality of experience (QoE) in Edge Computing applications for PDU session use cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary driver behind the move towards cloud-native and automated operations in 5G core networks?

<p>Enabling dynamic scaling and efficient resource utilization for diverse service demands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core architecture, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is solely responsible for managing mobility within the core network, while session management (SMF) handles all aspects of radio resource allocation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms Subscriber Data Management, what identifier relates to privacy in 5G?

<p>SUCI</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 5G Core, a ______ is a scalar used as reference to specific QoS forwarding behavior.

<p>5QI</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional component of the 5G core architecture is responsible for supporting the policy control on LTE/NR?

<p>SAPC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The UE Route Preference (URSP) is static, and does not modify traffic based on the route.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During network slice selection, what element exchanges info with AMF and RAN to build up information about supported Network Slices per TA (Tracking Area)?

<p>NSSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Network Slicing

Enables tailored services with a large span of requirements and customer segments.

Network Slice

A definition. A logical network serving a business purpose or customer, consisting of all required network resources. Created, changed and removed by management functions.

Use-case-specific Networks

Logical network offerings delivered using network slices.

Edge Computing

Computing and storage resources are distributed and brought closer to the location where it is needed/consumed.

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3GPP

A standards organization defining protocols for mobile telecommunications.

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Service Based Architecture(SBA)

A network architecture in release 15 with flexible interaction and cost-efficient operations.

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System Architecture for 5G System

Specifies the overall system architecture reference model including network functions and description of high level functions.

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Procedures for 5G System

Specifies the procedures and flows to capture the interactions between network functions, access network(s) and UE for the listed features.

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Policy and Charging Control Framework

Specifies the policy and charging architecture.

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5G System (5GS)

5G system consisting of 5G Access Network, 5G Core Network and UE.

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5G Access Network (AN)

Access network comprising of NG-RAN and/or non-3GPP AN connecting to 5G Core Network.

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5G Core Network (5GC)

Core network specified in 3GPP TS 23.501. Connects to 5G Access Network

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Network Function (NF)

A 3GPP defined processing function in a network, which has defined functional behavior and 3GPP defined interfaces.

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NF Service

Functionality exposed by NF through service-based interface and consumed by other authorized NFs.

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Services and operations

CP NF provides one or more services.

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Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)

A function that control the access and mobility of a UE.

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5G Globally Unique Temporary Identity (5G-GUTI)

AMF allocates 5G-GUTI to UE common for both 3GPP and non-3GPP access.

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Session Management Function (SMF)

Session establishment, modify and release, including tunnel maintain between UPF and AN node

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User Plane Function (UPF)

Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility (when applicable)

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PDU Connectivity Service

Service providing exchange of PDUs between UE and Data Network.

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PDU Session

Association between UE and Data Network providing PDU Connectivity Service.

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5G QoS Indicator

Scalar used as reference to specific QoS forwarding behavior.

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PDU Session Anchor

UP function providing interface to Data Network.

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Policy Control Function (PCF)

The central control point for policies and QoS.

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NWDAF

A function responsible for collecting network data.

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Network Exposure Function (NEF)

Function to Securely expose 3GPP NF capabilities and events to third party, Application Functions & Edge Computing.

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Network Repository Function (NRF)

A means for one network function to be discovered by others.

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Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)

A function that is responsible for selecting network slice instances

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Single Registration

Enable all three IMS aspects (VoNR is required)

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Non-3GPP Interworking Function (N3IWF)

Supports interconnect with untrusted non 3GPP networks

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Study Notes

5G Core Concepts

  • A learning product contains simplifications and should not be considered a system specification.
  • Ericsson has no liability for errors or damages from its use as a technical reference.
  • The documentation should not replace the technical documentation delivered with a system.
  • Copying, reproducing, disclosing, or distributing the content without express written consent from Ericsson Learning Services is prohibited.
  • Screen recording sessions remotely delivering the learning product is forbidden.

Course Objectives

  • Explore use cases, standardization, and network evolution for 5G Core.
  • Outline the basic conceptual network architecture and tech for 5G Core
  • Describe communication services support in 5G Core for interoperability
  • Go over the basic concepts for 5G core orchestration and management.

Chapters

  • The course includes: Introduction, 5G Core, Communication Services, Orchestration & Management, and Acronyms & Abbreviations.

Chapter Objectives

  • Describe use cases enabled by 5G Core.
  • Analyze the 3GPP 5G Core standardization timeline.
  • Review the 5G EPC architecture.
  • List the 5G Core deployment options studied by 3GPP.
  • Explore possible migration paths for 3GPP 5G architecture options.

5G and Mobile Broadband

  • 5G offers a range of opportunities and use cases beyond mobile broadband.
  • Includes broadband experience everywhere, anytime; media everywhere; smart vehicles, transport & infrastructure; critical control of remote devices; human-IoT interaction.

Cellular IoT Segments

  • One network serves different industries and use cases thru multiple slices
  • Massive IoT includes smart metering and asset management, uses low cost, low energy devices producing small data volumes in massive numbers, and uses NB-IoT/Cat-M1 (LTE) in 5G EPC.
  • Broadband IoT includes wearables and UAV/ Drones, large data volumes, high throughput, low latency, and uses LTE/NR in 5G EPC/5GC
  • Critical IoT includes automotive C-ITS and traffic safety & control, offering ultra-reliability, ultra low latency, very high availability, and uses NR in 5G EPC/5GC.
  • Industrial Automation IoT includes smart grid automation and collaborative robotics, uses industrial protocols, time sensitive networks, precise indoor positioning, and NR in 5G Core.

Network Slicing

  • Allows a large span of requirements and customer segments.
  • Tailors customer offerings and addresses new needs, premiums pricing, flexibility and agility, improved TTM, reduced TTC, reduced risk, is isolated, and offers tenant separation.
  • Massive IoT supports asset management, smart grid and smart metering.
  • Broadband IoT supports drones/ video surveillance, automotive C-ITS and fleet management.
  • Critical IoT supports remote surgery, private networks and traffic safety.
  • Industrial IoT supports smart phones, non-SIM devices, VR/AR, 4K/8K UHD, home BB services and broadcasting
  • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

Network Slice Definition

  • It serves a defined business purpose or customer logically.
  • All network resources are configured together, created, changed, and removed by management functions.
  • A logical network is managed by a provider offering mobile and fixed access.
  • Resources can be physical or virtual, dedicated, or shared, and can integrate services from other providers.
  • Functions may include management with possible exposure of customer control.

Network Slicing Uses

  • Logical network offerings through network slices serve customers with use-case specific solutions.
  • Logical MBB net, Logical Enterprise Net, and Logical Industry Net are all types of Network Services.
  • Network Slices use resources for access, transport, and cloud capabilities to deliver network functions.
  • AI manages the slicing as part of Network management.

Network Evolution

  • Networks have moved from Integrated nodes with dedicated HW/SW and static capacity with element management; to Virtualized deployment with COTS server HW and manual life-cycle management with VNF management; to Cloud deployment with software defined infrastructure and orchestrated applications and network services; to finally 5G Core.

Edge Computing

  • Edge computing distributes computing and storage resources closer to where they're needed.
  • Three definitions depending on the location, including device edge, operator edge, and extended public edge.
  • Device Edge involves computing and storage resources at an enterprise or consumer premise, and can be integrated with private networks and SD-WAN, offering connectivity, edge infrastructure, platform, and solution provision.
  • Operator edge involves computing and storage resources within an operator's premises, between national and local access sites, integrated with the telco cloud, and also offers connectivity, edge infrastructure, platform, and solution provision.
  • Extended public edge involves computing and storage resources spread out from central cloud sites placed outside operator premises, owned by HCPs and CDN/OT/IT players, and offer connectivity for operators.

Ericsson 5G Platform

  • Parts include, Ericsson Digital BSS, Ericsson Management & Orchestration, Ericsson Radio System(RAN), Ericsson Cloud Core.
  • Services include RAN Evolution, Ubiquitous 5G Transport, Dual-mode 5G Cloud Core
  • RAN consists of new Radios, 5G High Layer vRAN
  • Cloud components includes dynamic transport for 5G

5G Standardization Timeline

  • 3GPP releases started with Rel-15 in 2018, and scheduled to Rel-18 in December 2023
  • 3GPP SA and CT worked on Rel-15 in 2018, Rel-16 in 2020 and Rel-17 in 2022
  • 3GPP RAN worked on Rel-15 in 2018, Rel-16 in 2020 and Rel-17 in 2022

5G Architecture

  • SBA: flexible and extensible interactions of cloud-native designs enabling cost-efficient operations.
  • Improved service capabilities thru enhanced Network Slicing, Unified authentication model, Local service area control
  • Includes Edge Computing for lower latency and enhanced QOS

5G Releases

  • Rel 16/17 focuses on new market segments such as Industrial-IoT, Massive IoT, Automotive, Fixed Mobile Convergence
  • Both offer 5GC base and arch enhancements

5G Core Arch Rel-16

  • It offers; I-SMF/I-UPF for inter-region support, Enhanced SBA with NF Set support, and UDM-HSS interworking.

5G Core Arch Rel-17

  • It offers; Extended Edge, Enhanced Network Slicing and Enhanced Analytics for Data collection

5G Systems Specifications

  • System Architecture for 5G System (TS 23.501), overall system reference model
  • Procedures for 5G System (TS 23.502), processes and workflows to capture interaction between the network functions access
  • Policy and Charging Control Framework for the 5G System (TS 23.503), policy and charging architecture

GSMA

  • Defines the User-to-Network interface for VoNR (Voice over New Radio), MMTel telephony and its services.

3GPP 5G Standard Architecture Options

  • 5G EPC with Interworking and Mobility to LTE for MBB, Voice and SMS
  • 5GC for NR Interworking, Mobility to 2

EPC in 5G NSA

  • Anchored to network over LTE/EPC control plane and provides wide area coverage
  • Can add NR as a capacity boost with access restriction, NR volume usage reporting and 5G data rate support.

Slice Selection

  • Decides DCN based on internal or external information before sending Authentication and then eNB selects first MME and reroutes NAS

CUPS ( “CP/UP Separation of SGW, PGW and TDF)

  • Drivers: Distributed UP, centralized CP and low UP latency with low cost for UP, enables sites in range of 1000's of km.

Enhancements in 5G EPC

  • Enhanced to support 5th gen and 5G rates, subscription process and policy control.

Moving to 5G

  • There are two distinct and different core architectures called 5G EPC and 5G Core Network(5GC).
  • 5G Core supports additional options than 5G EPC.
  • The reason for two architectures is to accelerate services and deliver future-looking solution meetings

Migration from LTE

  • 5G can be supported by providing multiple architectures, EPC, 5G, and then Dual Mode

Transformation to Cloud

  • Can use virtualized environments that leverage VMs, DevOps and can also use Cloud Native.

Chapter Summary (Introduction)

  • After completing it, the users should be able to describe all enhancements that a 5G core can give

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