Untitled

a small network, limited to a single collection of machines and one or more cables and other peripheral equipment for purely local access.

it spans distances measured in miles and links together two or more separate LANs. These LANs maybe in locations just down the road from one another or at opposite ends of the planet, for access to remote sites elsewhere in the country or around the world, example is the internet.

refers to the technologies involved in connecting devices in close proximity to exchange data or resources. Example is laptop to cellphone or an adhoc network.

it uses wan technologies to interconnect LANs within a specific geographic region such as a country or a city. It is for citywide access.

is a small network design typically associated with a single person. Example is wireless technology.

any single computer that is not attach to a network.

group of computers or devices communicates either wirelessly or using physical connection, such as an Ethernet cable or a phone line.

form a basic building blocks use for constructing larger networks or a network of networks

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK: important for centralized systems such as databases, users rely on networks to access and use such systems. Networking makes it possible for numerous users to share a single application.

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK:makes it possible to store data in a central location. When the data is in a central location, it is easier to backup and retrieve.

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK: allow communication including video conferencing, real time chats and e-mail.

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK: Linking users on same system makes it easy to share files with others on network, but access to both data and network must be carefully controlled.

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK: Examples are printer, scanners, Optical drives (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM), tape drives & other removable media.

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK

NETWORK FORMAT

NETWORK FORMAT:it is an old & well-known alternatives to networking namely, passing a floppy disk from machine to machine. Slower and less reliable than computer network.

NETWORK FORMAT; is a network connection that is established for a brief time and then disconnected. The most common type of temporary network occurs when an employee connects a computer at home to a computer at work using a modem.

NETWORK FORMAT: use to transfer information. Use cables to link computers together, stay connected and in place at all times.

NETWORK FORMAT

NETWORK ADVANTAGES

NETWORK ADVANTAGES: exchange information with other people. Information can be any form of data,

NETWORK ADVANTAGES: allow people access copy of program stored on central computer. Individuals can use their own computers to access and run the programs. Company can avoid install a copy of the program on each person’s computer.

NETWORK ADVANTAGES: - Networks allow people to communicate and exchange messages with each other easily and efficiently. Useful when people are working together on the same project. Messages are often delivered within seconds of being sent.

Network Advantages: Computer connected to a network can share equipment and devices, called resources. Reduces cost of buying computer hardware. EXAMPLE: instead buying printer for each person on network, everyone can share one central printer.

NETWORK ADVANTAGES: computers on network are less expensive and make it easier to complete complicated tasks. EXAMPLE: multiple computers can be set up to help track of sales. One computer can process orders, another computer can keep track of inventory and the last can arrange for delivery.

NETWORK ADVANTAGES

NETWORK TYPES

NETWORK TYPES: referred as workgroup, is a low-cost, easily implemented network solution generally used in small network environments that need to share a few files and maybe some hardware. All systems are equal.

NETWORK TYPES: It is a computer that shares its resources across the network. It responds to such request.

NETWORK TYPES: It is one that accesses shared resources it request information. computer that connects to the server.

NETWORK TYPES

Client-Server vs P2P: client demand services and server provides assistance

Client-Server vs P2P:every peer can ask assistance and deliver services

For largest scale networks, especially with many thousands of users, or with particularly large collections of data to manage.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS

SPECIALIZED SERVERS:Not only supplies query (processing & data analysis facilities), also acts as repository for huge amounts of data that often reside within a database.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS:provides mechanism for users outside (inbound communication) network to access that networks resources & sometimes also permit users on network to access resources outside the networks local scope (outbound communication).

specialized server:Handle E-mail messages on behalf of network users, which may involve simply acting as a clearinghouse for a local exchange of messages. However, mail servers also commonly provide “store-and-forward” services, in which the server holds incoming e-mail messages while waiting for users to access them.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS: Mainstay of the server world in that they provide basic networked file storage and retrieval services, and access to networked printers, functions that define the fundamental uses of most business networks. Such servers let users run applications locally but keep their data files on the server.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS:permits users to locate, store & secure information about a network and resources available from a network. Handles log-on service and manages the collection of computers, users and so on in a domain. Any user who belongs to a specific domain can obtain access to all resources and information that he or she has permission to use simply by logging on to the domain.

specialized servers:Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol the one used on the internet. Windows New Technology (WinNT) & Windows 2000 (Win 2K) server include web server called internet information server (IIS). Netware and Linux are also built specifically to deliver such capabilities and services.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS: - It manage fax traffic for a network, receiving incoming faxes via telephone and distributing them to their recipients over the network, and collecting outgoing faxes across the network before sending them via telephone.

SPECIALIZED SERVER: It supplies server side of client/server applications & often the data. Provide processing services, and handling requests for file or print services.

SPECIALIZED SERVERS

refers to the activities, methods, procedures, and tools that pertain to the operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning of networked systems. Essential to command and control practices and is generally carried out of a network operations center.

This involves tracking and inventorying the many network resources such as monitoring transmission lines, hubs, switches, routers, and servers; it also involves monitoring their performance and updating their associated software –especially network management software, network operating systems, and distributed software applications used by network users.

This involves configuring network resources to support the requirements of a particular service; example services may be voice capabilities or increasing broadband requirements to facilitate more users.

= This involves smooth network functioning as designed and intended, including close monitoring of activities to quickly and efficiently address and fix problems as they occur and preferably even before users are aware of the problem.

This involves timely repair and necessary upgrades to all network resources as well as preventive and corrective measures through close communication and collaboration with network administrators. Example work includes replacing or upgrading network equipment such as switches, routers and damaged transmission lines.

includes the physical components that make up a network.

NETWORK HARDWARE

NETWORK HARDWARE: Cable is the oldest and most commonly used type of transmission medium. Cable usually consists of copper wires covered with a protective plastic coating. Cable is inexpensive compared other types of transmission media. Networking cables are used to connect one network device to other networking devices or to connect two or more computers to share printer, scanner etc. Many different kinds of cables can be used, depending on the type and size of the network. The type of cable used often determines how quickly information will transfer through the network.

network hardware: The most important job of a network is to link computers together. When computers are linked, the people using the computers can work more efficiently. Computers connected to a network do not have to be the same type. Many networks contain different types of computers.

NETWORK HARDWARE: A connector is any device that joins two networks together. When two networks are connected, all the computers on both networks can exchange information. The most common type of connector is called a bridge.

network hardware: device that joins a cable to a computer. Most network interface cards are installed inside a computer. The edge of the card can be seen at the back of the computer. An NIC has a port where the network cable plugs in.

NETWORK HARDWARE: A network resource is any device computers on a network can use. The most common type of resource is a printer. All of the people on a network can send documents to a printer that is connected to the network.

NETWORK HARDWARE

TYPES OF CABLE

TYPES OF CABLE: the most popular type of cable used to build new networks. ________________- has a pair of copper wires that are twisted around each other. By twisting the wires around each other, the cable is less prone to interference from other electrical signals, such as the signals emitted by photocopiers or other nearby electrical equipment. There are commonly 2, 4, 6 or 8 wires in an unshielded twisted pair cable. Each wire in an unshielded twisted pair cable is usually a different color. The entire cable is covered in a protective plastic coating.

TYPES OF CABLES: ___________ is one of the most common types of transmission media used create networks. ___________has a core of solid copper wire surrounded by a layer of plastic. An outer layer of metal mesh of foil surrounds the plastic layer. The entire cable is then covered in a protective plastic coating. Coaxial cable must be linked using devices called British Naval Connectors (BNC). A BNC connector that links a computer or other device to a coaxial cable is called a T connector. _____________ is rated using an RG number. The most common types of coaxial cable are RG-11, RG-58 and RG-62.

types of network: _____________ is similar to unshielded twisted pair cable, except that it includes a protective metal or foil covering. A _______________- can contain a single pair of wires or several pairs of wires. Twisted pair cables are often shielded in an attempt to prevent electromagnetic interference. Because the shielding is made of metal, it may also serve as a ground. Usually a shielded or a screened twisted pair cable has a special grounding wire added called a drain wire which is electrically connected to the shield or screen. The drain wire simplifies connection to ground at the connectors. This shielding can be applied to individual pairs, or to the collection of pairs. When shielding is applied to the collection of pairs, this is referred to as screening. Shielding provides an electric conductive barrier to attenuate electromagnetic waves external to the shield and provides conduction path by which induced currents can be circulated and returned to the source, via ground reference

types of optical fiber

contains a core with a large diameter than single-mode fiber (between 50 and 115 microns in diameter; the most common size is 62.5 microns) over which many pulses of light generated by a laser or LED travel at different angles. It is commonly found on cables that connect a router to a switch or a server on the backbone of a network.

uses a narrow core (less than 10 microns in diameter) through which light generated by a laser travels over one path, reflecting very little. Because it reflects little, the light does not disperse as the signal travels along the fiber. This continuity allows single-mode fiber to accommodate the highest bandwidths and longest distances (without requiring repeaters) of all network transmission media. Single-mode fiber may be used to connect a carrier’s two facilities. However, it costs too much to be considered for use on typical LANs and WANs.

TYPES OF CABLE

Types of Network Cable and Uses

group of computers or devices communicates either wirelessly or using physical connection, such as an Ethernet cable or a phone line.