Chapter 11 The Endocrine System

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the endocrine system?

It is one of two major regulatory systems of the body.
It is composed of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the blood.
It is an important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms.
It influences and is influenced by the nervous system.
Most of its components are anatomically connected, like most other systems of the body. (correct)

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to hormones?

They are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream.
In some cases, the same chemical substances can also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters.
All hormones are derived from cholesterol. (correct)
They are secreted into the blood by ductless glands.
They are sometimes secreted by neural tissue.

When examining an endocrine cell from a new species of mammal under the microscope, you find that it contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules. Which of the following is most likely to be true about these cells?

It secretes a peptide/protein hormone. (correct)
It secretes its product by diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
It secretes by endocytosis.
Its hormone product is synthesized from cholesterol.
It secretes a hormone with a hydrophobic structure.

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

They are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few secretory granules. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones?

Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a prohormone?

A longer protein or peptide that is cleaved into shorter ones, at least one of which is a peptide or protein hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is NOT correct?

Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options would most directly decrease the production of aldosterone?

Injecting a drug that blocks the production of angiotensin II (@) Signup and view all the answers

In a hypothetical rare genetic disease in which the ribosomes in some cells of the anterior pituitary are malformed, which hormone, if any, would you expect to be missing from a patient with this disease?

Growth hormone (A) Signup and view all the answers

A hormone may be which of the following?

All of the choices could be correct. (@) Signup and view all the answers

What does a hormone's concentration in the plasma depend upon?

Both "Its rate of secretion" and "Its rate of clearance" (D) Signup and view all the answers

Your patient has advanced stage cancer and her liver is starting to fail. One consequence is markedly reduced plasma proteins. In what way might this affect her endocrine system?

A reduction in the rate of hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid hormones reaching their target tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endocrine System Anatomy

Unlike most body systems, the endocrine system's components are not anatomically connected.

Hormone Composition

Not all hormones are derived from cholesterol; some are proteins or peptides.

Peptide/Protein Hormone Secretion

Cells secreting peptide/protein hormones have abundant rough ER, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules due to the protein synthesis and packaging process.

Steroid Hormone Secretion

Steroid hormone secreting cells have abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum for cholesterol synthesis and fewer secretory granules.