5.1 Nuclear Fusion
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

  • In nuclear fusion, light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while in nuclear fission, heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller ones. (correct)
  • In nuclear fusion, light atomic nuclei split into smaller ones, while in nuclear fission, heavy atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
  • In nuclear fusion, heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller ones, while in nuclear fission, light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.
  • In nuclear fusion, heavy atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while in nuclear fission, light atomic nuclei split into smaller ones.
  • What is the key fusion reaction involving hydrogen isotopes studied for energy production?

  • Helium and neon
  • Carbon and nitrogen
  • Deuterium and tritium (correct)
  • Proton and neutron
  • Why are extremely high temperatures needed in nuclear fusion experiments?

  • To increase the weight of the atomic nuclei
  • To reduce the energy released during fusion
  • To slow down the movement of the atomic nuclei
  • To overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged atomic nuclei (correct)
  • What is formed as a result of the fusion of deuterium and tritium?

    <p>Helium and a neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of matter called when deuterium and tritium isotopes are heated to extremely high temperatures?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges in achieving practical nuclear fusion?

    <p>Maintaining high temperatures and confining the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a steam generator in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>Converting heat into electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of a Nuclear Power Plant?

    <p>Nuclear Reactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must a heat exchanger in a nuclear power plant's steam generator be leak-proof?

    <p>To prevent radioactive contamination of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reactor type can produce only saturated steam?

    <p>Pressurized Water Reactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage specific to a Boiling Water Reactor compared to a Pressurized Water Reactor?

    <p>Difficulty in fuel reprocessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the secondary side of a steam generator in a nuclear power plant?

    <p>Condensing steam back into water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the primary circuit is responsible for keeping the water at high pressure in a Pressurized Water Reactor?

    <p>Reactor Pressuriser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a steam generator contribute to maintaining safety in a nuclear power plant operation?

    <p>By separating radioactive coolant from non-radioactive water/steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using water as a coolant, moderator, and reflector in a Pressurized Water Reactor?

    <p>Easy accessibility for inspection and maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor makes sodium a suitable coolant for nuclear reactors according to the text?

    <p>It retains mechanical strength at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a Boiling Water Reactor eliminate the heat exchanger circuit present in a Pressurized Water Reactor?

    <p>To gain thermal efficiency and cost savings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Pressurized Water Reactor, what acts as both a coolant and moderator?

    <p>Light Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

    <p>Nuclear fission involves splitting atoms, while nuclear fusion involves merging atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fusion reactions in stars and the sun called thermonuclear reactions?

    <p>Because they occur at extremely high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutron bombardment in initiating nuclear fission?

    <p>To cause the nucleus to split into smaller nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is essential for the functioning of nuclear power plants?

    <p>Controlled chain reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the energy released during nuclear fusion?

    <p>It is several times greater than that released during fission reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do artificially-accelerated particle reactions differ from sustaining fusion reactions?

    <p>They are not significant for nuclear energy utilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is characteristic of stars like the sun?

    <p>Nuclear fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in an atomic bomb?

    <p>Nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an intermediate heat-transfer loop play in a nuclear-fueled power-producing system?

    <p>Increases isolation of the radioactive reactor coolant from the conventional power-producing equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrogen bombs differ from atomic bombs in terms of their underlying principle?

    <p>Hydrogen bombs work based on nuclear fusion, while atomic bombs work based on nuclear fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of heavy water in a CANDU reactor?

    <p>Coolant and moderator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of a BWR over a PWR in terms of steam temperature?

    <p>Higher steam outlet temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a BWR reactor not require a thicker vessel despite the lower pressure inside?

    <p>Boiling limits power density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a CANDU reactor from light-water reactors (LWRs) in terms of moderator and coolant?

    <p>Moderator and coolant are separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactor uses sodium as a coolant and graphite as a moderator?

    <p>Sodium-graphite reactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of a BWR related to fuel burnout compared to a PWR?

    <p>Higher possibility of fuel burnout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the natural uranium used as fuel in CANDU reactors considered economical for some countries?

    <p>Enrichment of uranium is not required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the heavy water play in the CANDU reactor regarding neutrons?

    <p>Moderating neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of liquid sodium in a sodium-graphite reactor?

    <p>Coolant and moderator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a liquid metal-cooled reactor require shielding around the primary loop?

    <p>To prevent contact with air</p> Signup and view all the answers

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