5-A-Day Language Review: Week I

Language Review Concepts

• Impeccable: Describes something flawless or without errors.

Nonrestrictive Elements

• Nonrestrictive elements provide additional information in a sentence and are typically set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses.
• Example phrases to consider:
  • "a lighthouse on a cliff"
  • "an extremely tall person"
  • "a passenger"

Literary Devices

• Simile: A figure of speech comparing two different things using "like" or "as".
• Metaphor: A direct comparison between different things without using "like" or "as".
• Personification: Assigning human characteristics to non-human objects or ideas.
• Irony: A contrast between expectation and reality.
• Hyperbole: Exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally.

Vocabulary Terms

• Alert:
  • Adjective: Watchful; wide-awake.
  • Verb: To warn someone to be ready.
  • Noun: A warning signal.
• Trans:
  • Verb: To plant in another place.
• Cultivate:
  • Verb: To prepare land for crops or to help them grow.
  • Verb: To encourage development through attention or study.

Course Concepts

• Course:
  • Noun: The path something takes or a subject set to be studied.
  • Noun: A way of acting or behaving.

Competitive Terms

• Challenge:
  • Verb: To invite participation in a contest.
  • Verb: To push someone to use significant skill or effort.
  • Noun: A call for competition or a contest.

Example Structures

• Rewrite sentences to incorporate nonrestrictive elements using different punctuation:
  • Using commas, dashes, parentheses.

Vocabulary Synonyms

• Identify synonyms for words like "amazing," "incredible," "fascinating," and "interesting."

Roots and Affixes

• Understanding Greek/Latin root "cand": Related to meanings such as glowing or incandescent. Examples include:
  • Glowing
  • Iridescent

Language Skills Assessment Notes

• Impeccable: Context clues indicate "impeccable" means flawless or without errors; relates to a strong work ethic and attention to detail needed for a magazine editor role.
• Misspelled word: "Acceptible" should be corrected to "acceptable."
• Nonrestrictive element: Example sentence could be "My house, which is in my favorite color, is being painted brown."
• Pronouns: In "She kicked the ball to (I, me)," the correct pronoun is "me," objective case.
• Synonym for deception: Choose "lies," which indicates dishonesty.
• Intensive pronoun: Example: "Laura drove herself to the hospital."
• Conspicuous person: Likely to "stand out in a crowd."
• Greek/Latin root "ab-": Indicating separation or away from; related words include "absent," "absolve," "abduct," "abstract," "abnormal."
• Vague pronoun: "Her" in "Robin asked her mom for her phone" is vague; clarify by specifying "Robin asked her mom for Robin's phone."
• Matching analogy: "Fool : intelligence" matches with "crininal : innocence."
• Connotation of fragrance vs. stench: "Fragrance" has a positive connotation, while "stench" has a negative one.
• Personification example: "The wind whispered through the trees."
• Denotation "to look at": Positive word could be "gaze," negative could be "stare."
• Forecast root/affix "fore-": Means "in front of; previous, earlier."
• Antonym for accustomed: "Strange" is the opposite of familiar or habitual.
• Pronoun shift: "If a patient is in pain, they can use the call button to alert a nurse" should clarify to "If a patient is in pain, he or she can use the call button to alert a nurse."
• Word structure: Prefix "deodorant," base "odor," suffix "ant."
• Possessive noun: Rewrite "lids of the boxes" as "the boxes' lids."
• Sentence type: "Unless my headache goes away, I won't be able to ride bikes" is a complex sentence.
• Definition of alert: In the context of "Safe drivers are alert," it means "watchful; wide-awake."