Untitled Quiz

Arduino Programming and Hardware Setup

• The loop() function can incorporate custom blinking functions to simplify code.
• Utilize blink(LED_BLUE, 1000, 5) for a fast blink and blink(LED_BLUE, 4000, 5) for a slower blink.
• Two I2C ports allow connections to various devices: DS1307 RTC, I2C 1602 LCD, PCA9685 12-bit PWM Servo motor Driver, etc.
• A UART port facilitates connections with serial devices like MP3 players, Bluetooth modules, and RFID readers.
• Rich Shield integrates an Infrared Receiver for use with an external IR remote controller.

Pin Configuration for Rich Shield

• Analog Pins:
  • A0: Blue Knob/Potentiometer
  • A1: NTC Temperature Sensor
  • A2: LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
  • A3: External Voltage Source
• Digital Pins:
  • 0: Rx
  • 1: Tx
  • 2: IR Receiver
  • 3-5: PWM pins for LEDs
  • 4: LED1 (Red), 5: LED2 (Green), 6: LED3 (Blue), 7: LED4 (Yellow)
  • 8-12: Button switches (KEY0, KEY1), CLK for TM1637, DIO for TM1637, and DHT sensor
  • 13: Uno Inbuilt LED

Working with Sensors

• The Blue Knob is an analog input without needing pinMode() to set it as input.
• The analogRead(A0) function returns values from 0 to 1023, representing a 10-bit digitized signal.
• Potentiometers can simulate various sensors, including water level, distance, and pressure sensors.
• LDRs, connected to analog pin A2, indicate light presence and intensity, with resistance dropping as light increases.
• Typical light resistance values: >1 MΩ in darkness, <1 kΩ in bright light, with response time being 2-50 ms.

Temperature and Humidity Handling

• Use DHT sensor functions dht.readHumidity() and dht.readTemperature() to obtain environmental data.
• Check for valid data with isnan(), and if invalid, call displayError().
• Valid temperature and humidity readings displayed with displayTemperature(int8_t) and displayHumidity(int8_t), respectively.
• Implement display functions to format and show temperature correctly, including handling negative values.

C++ Programming Basics

• Operands in C++ have different types, associativity, and precedence.
• Common operators include unary, multiplicative, additive, relational, equality, bitwise, logical, and assignment operators.

General Recommendations

• Draw a block diagram and flowchart before coding to visualize program structure.
• Implement user-defined functions for modular and clearer code organization.