Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which key combination is used to turn off the yellow LED?
Which key combination is used to turn off the yellow LED?
What is the associative property of the multiplicative operators in C++?
What is the associative property of the multiplicative operators in C++?
What happens when you press ‘8’ in the LED control scheme?
What happens when you press ‘8’ in the LED control scheme?
Which of these operators is unary according to the common C++ operators?
Which of these operators is unary according to the common C++ operators?
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In the Arduino Uno pinout configuration, which is used for input voltage?
In the Arduino Uno pinout configuration, which is used for input voltage?
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What type of operators are both ‘&’ and ‘^’ considered?
What type of operators are both ‘&’ and ‘^’ considered?
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Which of the following operations has the highest precedence level in C++?
Which of the following operations has the highest precedence level in C++?
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What does pressing ‘4’ do in the LED control system?
What does pressing ‘4’ do in the LED control system?
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Which of the following is NOT a logical operator in C++?
Which of the following is NOT a logical operator in C++?
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Which keyword is likely to be found in the list of common C++ keywords?
Which keyword is likely to be found in the list of common C++ keywords?
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Study Notes
Arduino Programming and Hardware Setup
- The loop() function can incorporate custom blinking functions to simplify code.
- Utilize
blink(LED_BLUE, 1000, 5)for a fast blink andblink(LED_BLUE, 4000, 5)for a slower blink. - Two I2C ports allow connections to various devices: DS1307 RTC, I2C 1602 LCD, PCA9685 12-bit PWM Servo motor Driver, etc.
- A UART port facilitates connections with serial devices like MP3 players, Bluetooth modules, and RFID readers.
- Rich Shield integrates an Infrared Receiver for use with an external IR remote controller.
Pin Configuration for Rich Shield
-
Analog Pins:
- A0: Blue Knob/Potentiometer
- A1: NTC Temperature Sensor
- A2: LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
- A3: External Voltage Source
-
Digital Pins:
- 0: Rx
- 1: Tx
- 2: IR Receiver
- 3-5: PWM pins for LEDs
- 4: LED1 (Red), 5: LED2 (Green), 6: LED3 (Blue), 7: LED4 (Yellow)
- 8-12: Button switches (KEY0, KEY1), CLK for TM1637, DIO for TM1637, and DHT sensor
- 13: Uno Inbuilt LED
Working with Sensors
- The Blue Knob is an analog input without needing
pinMode()to set it as input. - The
analogRead(A0)function returns values from 0 to 1023, representing a 10-bit digitized signal. - Potentiometers can simulate various sensors, including water level, distance, and pressure sensors.
- LDRs, connected to analog pin A2, indicate light presence and intensity, with resistance dropping as light increases.
- Typical light resistance values: >1 MΩ in darkness, <1 kΩ in bright light, with response time being 2-50 ms.
Temperature and Humidity Handling
- Use DHT sensor functions
dht.readHumidity()anddht.readTemperature()to obtain environmental data. - Check for valid data with
isnan(), and if invalid, calldisplayError(). - Valid temperature and humidity readings displayed with
displayTemperature(int8_t)anddisplayHumidity(int8_t), respectively. - Implement display functions to format and show temperature correctly, including handling negative values.
C++ Programming Basics
- Operands in C++ have different types, associativity, and precedence.
- Common operators include unary, multiplicative, additive, relational, equality, bitwise, logical, and assignment operators.
General Recommendations
- Draw a block diagram and flowchart before coding to visualize program structure.
- Implement user-defined functions for modular and clearer code organization.
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