4th Year Lect. Prosthodontics: Anatomy and Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What helps in the stability of the denture during function?

The posterior nasal spine

The palatine processes of maxillary bone

The slopes of the ridges (correct)

The hard palate

What happens to the denture-bearing surface as the alveolar ridge resorbs?

It becomes flatter and wider towards the buccal shelf. (correct)

It becomes narrower towards the buccal shelf.

It disappears completely.

It remains unchanged.

Where is the mental foramen usually located?

On the buccal surface of the mandible.

On the lingual surface of the mandible.

On the medial surface of the mandible.

On the lateral surface of the mandible between 1st and 2nd premolar. (correct)

What is the mid palatine suture formed by?

The union of the two horizontal plates from the body of the maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to the mental foramen with continued resorption of the ridge?

It becomes positioned at the crest of the ridge and can be compressed by the denture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of sutural joint covered by?

Firmly adherent mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What runs along the lingual surface of the mandible?

Mylohyoid ridge Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of relieving the mid palatal raphae during the final impression procedure?

To create equilibrium between the resilient and non-resilient tissue supports Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the genial tubercles in denture construction?

They should be relieved to avoid ulceration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior border of the palatine bone united with?

The horizontal plate of the maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical consideration for the genial tubercles?

They should be relieved with a spacer. Signup and view all the answers

What marks the division between the movable and immovable tissues of the soft palate?

The vibrating line Signup and view all the answers

What are mandibular tori?

Lingual unilateral or bilateral prominences of cortical bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the posterior palatal seal area limited by?

The distal demarcation of the movable and non-movable tissues of the soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to large mandibular tori?

They should be removed before a denture can be fabricated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the area between the mandibular buccal frenum and the anterior edge of the masseter muscle?

Buccal shelf area Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that is continuous with the anterior border of the ramus?

Coronoid process Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the buccal shelf area as resorption of the ridge occurs?

It does not resorb Signup and view all the answers

What can cause discomfort and dislodgment of the upper denture?

Thick distobuccal flange of maxillary denture Signup and view all the answers

What is the movable member of the stomatognathic system?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the bone underlying the crest of the residual alveolar ridge?

Cancellous bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the area that remains after loss of teeth?

Residual alveolar ridge Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscle that attaches horizontally along the boney external oblique ridge?

Buccinator muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a dentist needs to understand anatomy and physiology in constructing a prosthesis?

To assure successful results Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteology in denture construction?

To identify the supportive structures Signup and view all the answers

What are the areas in the maxillary and mandibular edentulous foundations that are better suited to bear the stresses of mastication?

Stress bearing areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submucosa in relation to the mucosa?

It attaches the mucosa to the underlying bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity?

It lines the oral cavity and varies in character in different zones Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the blood vessels in the submucosa?

They supply blood to the edentulous foundation Signup and view all the answers

What are the structures that limit the extension of the maxillary and mandibular complete dentures?

Border-limiting areas Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that influence the form and size of the supporting bone?

The original size and arch form before extractions, the severity of periodontal disease, and the age of the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the external oblique ridge in denture construction?

To serve as a landmark for the lateral end of the buccal flange of lower denture Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the posterior aspect of the retromolar pad?

Thin, non-keratinized epithelium; loose connective tissue; glandular tissue; fibers of the temporalis tendon and of the buccinators and superior constrictor muscles; and the pterygomandibular raphe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a 1° stress-bearing area in the maxilla?

Firm tuberosities Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of bone resorption in the mandible?

Downward and outward, becoming gradually wider Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean denture-bearing area for edentulous maxillae?

23cm2 Signup and view all the answers

Why should the retromolar pad be covered by the denture?

Because of the support and absence of long-term cortical bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying areas requiring relief in the final impression?

To identify areas of high stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of bone resorption in the maxilla?

Upward and inward, becoming progressively smaller Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology of Dental Prostheses

A dentist requires understanding and thorough knowledge of anatomy and physiology of supporting structures to assure successful results.

Osteology

Osseous structures support dentures and have a direct relation to impression making procedure, tooth position, and finished denture contours.
Knowledge of tissues supporting maxillary and mandibular dentures is essential for understanding retention and stability.

Tissue Regions

Stress-bearing areas: suitable to bear mastication stresses.
Stress relief areas: not suited to take up stresses due to anatomy or underlying structures.
Border-limiting areas: structures limiting the extension of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures.

Mucous Membrane and Submucosa

Mucous membrane lining oral cavity varies in character in different zones.
Submucosa (connective tissue) attaches mucosa to underlying structures, varying in composition depending on mucosa attachment and muscle tissue presence.

Factors Influencing Supporting Bone

Original size and arch form before extractions.
Severity of periodontal disease.
Slopes of ridges affecting denture stability.

Palatine Processes and Hard Palate

Palatine processes: horizontal plates from maxilla, uniting in midline, forming mid-palatal suture.
Torus palatinus: overgrowth of bone in this area.
Hard palate: resists resorption, primary stress-bearing area.

Palatine Bone and Posterior Palatal Seal

Palatine bone: horizontal plate uniting with posterior rough border of maxillae.
Posterior palatal seal (PPS): area where pressure can be applied, aiding in removable complete denture retention.

Vibrating Line and Limiting Structures of Upper Denture

Vibrating line: imaginary line across soft palate, dividing movable and immovable tissues.
Limiting structures: labial vestibule, right and left buccal vestibules, and vibrating line.

Osseous Structures Associated with Mandibular Denture

Coronoid process: anterior process continuous with anterior border of ramus.
Residual alveolar ridge: part remaining after tooth loss.
Buccal shelf area: between mandibular buccal frenum and anterior edge of masseter muscle.
Mental foramen: on lateral surface of mandible between 1st and 2nd premolar.
Mylohyoid ridge: on lingual surface of mandible.
Genial tubercles: bilateral or unilateral prominences on lingual surface of mandible.
Torus mandibularis: bilateral or unilateral prominences of cortical bone.
External oblique ridge: dense bone extending from mental foramen to anterior border of ramus.
Retromolar pad: triangular pad of tissue at distal end of residual ridge.

Maxillary and Mandibular Stress-Bearing Areas

Maxillary: firm tuberosities, hard palate, alveolar ridge, and rugae.
Mandibular: buccal shelves, retromolar pads, alveolar ridge.

Areas Requiring Relief in Final Impression

Palatal torus, median palatal raphe, mandibular tori, retromylohyoid ridge, and undercuts or sharp boney prominence on ridges.

Pattern of Bone Resorption

Maxilla: resorbs upward and inward, becoming progressively smaller (centripetal).
Mandible: resorbs downward and outward, becoming gradually wider (centrifugal).

Denture Bearing Area

Mean denture bearing area for edentulous maxillae: 23cm2.
Mean denture bearing area for edentulous mandible: 12cm2.
Area of PDL in each dental arch: 45cm2.

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Description

Understanding anatomy and physiology of supporting structures for successful dental prosthesis, including osteology and its relation to impression making, tooth position, and denture contours.