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Questions and Answers
What capability allows phones to play music and may include streaming from the Internet?
What capability allows phones to play music and may include streaming from the Internet?
Which feature allows mobile phones to capture and share images and videos?
Which feature allows mobile phones to capture and share images and videos?
What function does a mobile phone use to record conversations or notes?
What function does a mobile phone use to record conversations or notes?
Which application allows phones to access and view websites?
Which application allows phones to access and view websites?
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What functionality allows users to pay for purchases using their mobile phones?
What functionality allows users to pay for purchases using their mobile phones?
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Which feature is increasingly popular for gaming on mobile devices?
Which feature is increasingly popular for gaming on mobile devices?
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What capability allows mobile phones to read bar codes for applications in commerce?
What capability allows mobile phones to read bar codes for applications in commerce?
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Which service allows users to send and receive emails on their mobile phones?
Which service allows users to send and receive emails on their mobile phones?
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What term is commonly used to refer to mobile phones that offer general computing capabilities?
What term is commonly used to refer to mobile phones that offer general computing capabilities?
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Which of the following services is NOT typically supported by modern mobile phones?
Which of the following services is NOT typically supported by modern mobile phones?
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Which mobile operating system does NOT belong to the list of proprietary platforms?
Which mobile operating system does NOT belong to the list of proprietary platforms?
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Which feature distinguishes smartphones from traditional mobile phones?
Which feature distinguishes smartphones from traditional mobile phones?
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What year did Martin Cooper make the first publicized handheld mobile phone call?
What year did Martin Cooper make the first publicized handheld mobile phone call?
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What was the weight of the first handheld mobile phone demonstrated in 1973?
What was the weight of the first handheld mobile phone demonstrated in 1973?
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What type of communication was a precursor to cellular phones?
What type of communication was a precursor to cellular phones?
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Which company launched the first commercially available handheld mobile phone in 1984?
Which company launched the first commercially available handheld mobile phone in 1984?
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What is NOT a function of mobile devices mentioned?
What is NOT a function of mobile devices mentioned?
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Which of the following describes the current market share of Android in 2016?
Which of the following describes the current market share of Android in 2016?
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Which mobile functionality allows users to experience augmented reality?
Which mobile functionality allows users to experience augmented reality?
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What significant change occurred in the perception of mobile devices?
What significant change occurred in the perception of mobile devices?
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Which statement accurately reflects the role of mobile devices according to the information provided?
Which statement accurately reflects the role of mobile devices according to the information provided?
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What was a key factor in the growth of Android after its acquisition by Google?
What was a key factor in the growth of Android after its acquisition by Google?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a mobile device function according to the content?
Which of the following is NOT considered a mobile device function according to the content?
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In what year was the first version of Android released?
In what year was the first version of Android released?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Android
- Android is a software package and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices.
- It includes tablets, computers, and smartphones.
- Android's first version was released in 2007.
- It was developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA).
- Android is a complete software set for mobile devices, including tablets, notebooks, smartphones, and more.
- It has a Linux-based operating system, middleware, and key mobile applications.
- Though primarily a mobile OS, Android is not limited to mobile use only.
- It's used in various devices like mobiles, tablets, and televisions.
Android's History
- Android Inc. originally created Android.
- Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005.
- Google then made Android open-source, boosting its momentum.
- Android held around 85% market share in 2016. (Source: http://www.idc.com/)
Mobile Technology
- Mobile devices are more than just voice communications.
- They allow for a variety of interactions, including voice, music, text, video, and images, shared on demand.
- Mobile devices support numerous functions, like accessing the Internet, watching TV and movies, using GPS systems, playing games, and reading/responding to barcodes and augmented reality messages.
- The devices' functionality depends on their network infrastructure and the capabilities of the handset.
Mobile Phone Technology
- Modern mobile phones use cellular network architecture (called cellular phones or cell phones).
- Mobile phones use radio frequency links to connect to switching systems controlled by mobile operators.
- Those systems provide access to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
Mobile Phone Features (Advanced Features)
- Mobile phones in the 2000s go beyond phone calls. They often include;
- text messaging,
- multimedia messages,
- email,
- internet access,
- short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth),
- business apps,
- gaming,
- digital photography.
- The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973 (4.4 lb/2 kg).
- The DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone in 1983.
- The first automated cellular network was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979.
Mobile Technology Networks and Infrastructure
- Mobile phone vendors provide a Software Development Kit (SDK) to developers.
- Developers can create applications using this kit.
- Developers can publish their creations to a global market/store.
Android Mobile Application Development Tools
- Android applications are created using Eclipse, Intellij Idea, etc.
- BlackBerry apps are developed via Eclipse.
- iOS applications are developed using XCode, MonoDevelop, AppCode.
- Windows Phone apps are created using Microsoft Visual Studio.
Mobile Apps Testing Tools
- Emulators simulate mobile device operations/functions on a computer.
- Companies offer renting of mobile device emulators.
- Some examples are DeviceAnywhere, and Perfecto Mobile.
Mobile Applications
- Android applications can be put in stores, and sold for free or on a paid basis.
- Examples: Google Play and Apple Store
- Some companies display ads on mobile devices, such as Google's AdMob.
Mobile Application Types
- Native Apps: Developed for a specific platform (iOS or Android) using platform-specific tools and languages. These apps are generally the fastest and have the best user experience.
- HTML5 Apps: Use standard web technologies (HTML5, Javascript, CSS) enabling cross-platform development.
- Hybrid Apps: Combine the benefits of native and HTML5 apps by embedding HTML5 code within a native container.
Android Native Mobile Applications
- In general, native apps provide the best user experience, functionality, and features.
- Native apps enable features like:
- Multi-touch (double taps, pinch-spread)
- Fast graphics API for smooth animation (especially beneficial in gaming and interactive applications).
Android Native Mobile Applications (Continued)
- Built-in components: The device's features (camera, address book, and geolocation) can be directly integrated into mobile apps, offering a seamless user experience.
- Ease of use: Native apps are easy to use because they rely on the familiar interface and features.
- Documentation: Extensive documents, blogs, and technical threads help developers find and troubleshoot issues.
Comparing Android and Hybrid Applications
- Native apps offer a fast and seamless user experience.
- Hybrid apps are more flexible and less time-consuming to develop.
- Native apps use the speed of native APIs.
- The speed of hybrid apps depend on the web view technology which might vary a lot.
- Hybrid apps share the same UI elements and can use the same JavaScript code across multiple platforms.
Android Mobile Information Architecture
- Each mobile device type has its own architecture.
- Responsive sites generally follow standard patterns.
- Native mobile apps often use tab-based navigational structures.
- Popular layouts: Hierarchy, Hub and Spoke, Nested Doll, Tabbed View, Bento Box, and Filtered View.
Android Architecture (Layout)
- Hierarchy: Presents content in a vertical tree structure with an index page and subpages.
- Hub and Spoke: Users access many components through a central hub, which restricts direct navigation.
- Nested Doll: Lays out content in a linear and easy-to-follow structure, showing where the user is currently located.
- Tabbed View: Multiple sections are clustered in tabs with buttons, providing quick navigation access.
- Bento Box/Dashboard: Many components are presented on the main screen for immediate reference, especially useful for tablet devices.
- Filtered View: Users employ filters to display specific content from a wider content pool.
Android Applications
- Developers use Java and the Android SDK to develop applications.
- Android apps can be sold on app stores like Google Play.
- Android applications power millions of devices across various countries.
Android Categories
- Android apps cover diverse areas, such as entertainment, tools, communication, productivity, personalization, music/audio, social media, media/video, and travel/local content.
Android Versions
- Android has evolved through various code names (A, B, C...).
- Some popular code names include Aestro, Blender, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, KitKat, Lollipop, and more.
Android API (Application Programming Interface) Levels
- API Level designates the version's Android API revision.
- It is a unique integer that represents the framework API version.
Android IDEs (Integrated Development Environments)
- Android Studio: A common development environment.
- Eclipse IDE: Another popular choice for developing Android applications.
Android Architecture
- Android consists of a layered architecture.
- Five modules compose the software: Applications, Application Framework, Android Runtime, Libraries, and Linux Kernel.
Android Runtime
- The Dalvik VM is a component that handles the execution of Android applications.
- It optimizes virtual machine operations for memory, battery, and performance efficiency.
- It handles the conversion of .class files to .dex files.
Compiling/Packaging Android Applications
- Java source files (e.g., .java) are converted to class files (.class).
- The dx tool combines multiple class files into a single .dex file, which is platform-specific.
- AAPT (Android Asset Packaging Tool) packs all the files into the final .apk file.
Additional Android Libraries
- Android has various libraries.
- These include open-source Web browser engine.
- Well known lib, SQLite database;
- Tools for audio, video playback, and Internet security.
Essential Android Application Package (API) Libraries
- android.app – Application Model
- android.content – Handles content and communication
- android.database – SQLite database
- android.opengl – OpenGLES 3D graphics rendering
- android.os – OS services, messages
- android.text – Text management
- android.view – User interface elements (e.g., buttons)
- android.widget – Pre-built UI components (e.g., buttons)
- android.webkit – Integration of web browsing functionality
Android Runtime (Continued)
- The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) handles the execution of Android applications using the Java Language.
Key Android Tools
- Activity Manager: Manages the lifecycle of application activities and the activity stack.
- Content Providers: Allows applications to expose and share data with others.
- Resource Manager: Handles application resources like strings and layouts.
- Notification Manager: Manages notifications to the user.
- View System: Manages the creation of application user interfaces using various views.
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