MA entrance JNU 2020

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Questions and Answers

Which critical school of thought is associated with Roman Jakobson and Viktor Shklovsky?

  • Post-Structuralism
  • Structuralism
  • New Criticism
  • Russian Formalism (correct)

Which of the following best describes the role of silences in Harold Pinter's plays?

  • Subplot
  • Subtext (correct)
  • Subgenre
  • Supplement

Which of these T.S. Eliot poems is categorized as a dramatic monologue?

  • Gerontion
  • The Hollow Men
  • The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (correct)
  • The Waste Land

In the poem 'Untitled' by Rainer Maria Rilke, to what are falling stars compared?

<p>Thwarted wishes (A), Leaping horses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best captures the suggestion of 'did we have so many'?

<p>We had quite a few. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The source of the title in Robert Browning’s "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" originates from which Shakespearean play?

<p>King Lear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ngugi wa Thiong'o, a prominent postcolonial writer, is known for advocating the abolishment of which academic department?

<p>English (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.H. Auden, what is the most suitable, yet still imperfect, way to describe goodness?

<p>Fulfillment of one's inherent potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary device, commonly employed by Shakespeare but frowned upon in serious contexts by some critics, involves exploiting the multiple meanings of a word for humorous or rhetorical effect?

<p>Punning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothetically, if a play were staged where the audience knows a critical piece of information that the characters do not, such as the true identity of a villain concealed by an elaborate disguise, what specific dramatic technique is being wielded to heighten suspense and engage the viewers?

<p>Dramatic Irony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase 'a moment's monument' to describe a sonnet is attributed to which of the following poets?

<p>Dante Gabriel Rossetti (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Shakespearean play features an Induction scene designed to deceive Christopher Sly into believing he is a lord?

<p>The Taming of the Shrew (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In W.H. Auden's view, what dictates the vocations available for individuals to pursue, ultimately influencing their capacity for goodness?

<p>The specific societal structures and expectations in which they live (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critic is known for defining 'literariness' as the collection of techniques distinguishing literary language from the ordinary?

<p>Roman Jakobson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theatrical devices involves making the audience aware of a crucial disparity between a situation's reality and the characters' comprehension of it?

<p>Dramatic Irony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects a defining characteristic of post-structuralism?

<p>Post-structuralism challenges the idea of a fixed, identifiable meaning in texts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with first introducing the concept of 'superdiversity' to describe contemporary social complexities?

<p>Steven Vertovec (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, where does the true 'darkness' ultimately reside?

<p>The heart of so-called civilized Europe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following works did Virginia Woolf initially title The Hours, before changing it to its final published title?

<p><em>Mrs. Dalloway</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which incredibly obscure and notoriously difficult to trace figure proposed that all texts exist as 'translations of translations of translations,' underscoring the derivative and interconnected nature of literary creation?

<p>Octavio Paz, reflecting on the perpetual metamorphosis of linguistic expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critic is known for distinguishing literary language from ordinary language through 'literariness'?

<p>Roman Jakobson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychoanalysis suggests that literary texts resemble what other form of expression in their revelation of hidden desires?

<p>Dreams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is most prominent in Harold Pinter's plays, often conveying unspoken tensions and meanings?

<p>Silences and pauses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chronological order of the following works of critical theory: Theaetetus, On the Art of Poetry, The Common Reader, What is a Classic?

<p><em>Theaetetus</em>, <em>On the Art of Poetry</em>, <em>The Common Reader</em>, <em>What is a Classic?</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which novel opens with a vivid wrestling match involving the protagonist?

<p><em>Things Fall Apart</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A poem where a single character delivers a speech, revealing their thoughts and feelings, would be categorized as which form?

<p>Dramatic monologue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Rilke's poem, what dual comparison does the speaker make regarding 'falling stars'?

<p>Horses and thwarted wishes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the poem, the phrase 'did we have so many' most likely expresses which sentiment?

<p>Bittersweet recognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which author is most closely associated with the concept that all texts are fundamentally 'translations of translations of translations'?

<p>Octavio Paz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Locana is a work attributed to which influential figure in Indian aesthetics?

<p>Abhinavagupta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.H. Auden, what determines an individual's potential for goodness?

<p>The vocations and opportunities available within their society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a play uses a situation where the audience is aware of information that a character lacks, what technique is employed?

<p>Dramatic irony (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which work opens with a detailed depiction of a wrestling match involving the protagonist?

<p><em>Things Fall Apart</em> by Chinua Achebe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the nature of colonialism is most accurate?

<p>Colonialism invariably generated intricate and often painful relationships between native populations and colonizers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Aristotle's view, what constitutes the most crucial element of a tragedy?

<p>Plot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following musicals is based upon a play authored by George Bernard Shaw?

<p>My Fair Lady (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critic is most prominently associated with articulating the concept of 'literariness'?

<p>Victor Shklovsky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of literary works and critical lenses best elucidates Frantz Fanon's enduring influence on postcolonial discourse?

<p>Examining <em>The Wretched of the Earth</em> through a Marxist lens to analyze class struggle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately captures a defining characteristic of post-structuralism?

<p>The concept that language possesses inherently incommensurable qualities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothetically, imagine a lost, ancient manuscript surfaces, purportedly penned by Plato himself, outlining a radical departure from his established Theory of Forms, advocating instead for a fluid, relativistic understanding of truth contingent on socio-historical contexts. The manuscript is authenticated by leading paleographers, linguists and philosophers, causing a global intellectual upheaval and prompting a complete reevaluation of Western philosophical tradition. Which philosophical paradigm would be most fundamentally challenged by the discovery and acceptance of this manuscript?

<p>Platonism, due to its reliance on eternal, unchanging Forms as the basis of knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'a moment's monument' convey when describing a sonnet?

<p>Sonnets immortalize a fleeting moment in time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies dramatic irony in a theatrical performance?

<p>A character wears a disguise that fools the other characters but not the audience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.H. Auden, what primarily influences an individual's capacity for goodness?

<p>The social and vocational opportunities available to them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assertion most accurately reflects a defining characteristic of post-structuralism?

<p>Meaning is fluid, contingent, and constructed through discourse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most crucial element of tragedy, according to Aristotle?

<p>The structure and arrangement of events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Steven Vertovec introduce to describe modern social complexities?

<p>Superdiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental shift in understanding truth would the hypothetical discovery of a manuscript by Plato advocating for relativistic truth most challenge?

<p>The Theory of Forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a playwright is said to employ 'punning,' what literary device are they using?

<p>Language's multiple meanings for rhetorical effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of theatre is often used by Harold Pinter to suggest tension and unspoken meaning?

<p>Pauses and silences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a playwright conceives a character whose actions, though seemingly benevolent, inadvertently trigger a catastrophic series of events, leading to widespread suffering and the disintegration of their own moral compass. This character's journey is marked by a gradual unveiling of their hubris and a chilling descent into nihilism. Ultimately, their final act is one of utter self-destruction, leaving the audience grappling with the complexities of human fallibility and the inherent ambiguity of moral responsibility. Which philosopher’s perspective on tragedy aligns most closely with this character’s arc?

<p>Nietzsche, highlighting the Dionysian embrace of chaos and the affirmation of life's inherent suffering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critical approach posits that literary texts, like dreams, express an author's concealed desires and anxieties?

<p>Psychoanalysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place these critical and theoretical texts in chronological order:

<p>A) Theaetetus, B) On the Art of Poetry, C) The Common Reader, D) What is a Classic? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following novels with their respective authors:

<p>A) <em>Darkness at Noon</em> - Arthur Koestler, B) <em>And Quiet Flows the Don</em> - Mikhail Sholokhov, C) <em>The Tin Drum</em> - Gunter Grass, D) <em>Waiting for the Barbarians</em> - J.M. Coetzee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Rainer Maria Rilke's poem 'Untitled,' what comparison is made regarding falling stars?

<p>Frustrated aspirations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the sentiment expressed in the line, 'did we have so many'?

<p>An abundance was unexpected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following novels features a wrestling match between the protagonist and Amalinze 'the Cat'?

<p><em>Things Fall Apart</em> by Chinua Achebe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which figure of speech is employed in Shakespeare's line, 'All the world's a stage'?

<p>Metaphor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who put forth the idea that all texts are 'translations of translations of translations'?

<p>Octavio Paz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothetically, a previously overlooked passage within Aristotle's Poetics is rediscovered, wherein he posits that true catharsis arises not from the purging of emotions, but instead from the audience's intellectual recognition of the inherent limitations of human agency when confronted with the vast, indifferent cosmos. This recognition, he suggests, triggers a state of 'cosmic resignation,' leading to a profound, albeit unsettling, tranquility. Assuming this passage is authenticated and integrated into contemporary interpretations of tragedy, how would it MOST radically challenge existing understandings of catharsis?

<p>It would de-center the importance of character flaws and moral lessons in tragedy, focusing instead on the existential realities of human helplessness and cosmic determinism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.H. Auden, what is the primary influence on an individual's capacity for goodness?

<p>The alignment of personal vocation with societal needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the poem, 'Introduction to Poetry' by Billy Collins, which group is best represented by 'them' and 'they'?

<p>Scholarly critics dissecting poetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the word 'rope' in Billy Collins' 'Introduction to Poetry'?

<p>A constraint used to extract meaning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately reflects a defining characteristic of colonialism?

<p>Colonialism fostered complex and often traumatic relationships between colonizers and indigenous populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In T.S. Eliot’s 'The Preludes,' what type of imagery is evoked by the phrase 'smell of steaks in passageways'?

<p>Olfactory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Shakespeare's As You Like It, what figure of speech does Shakespeare employ in the line 'All the world’s a stage'?

<p>Metaphor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what constitutes the most crucial element of a tragedy?

<p>Plot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which musical is directly based upon a play authored by George Bernard Shaw?

<p>My Fair Lady (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothetically, a renowned Shakespearean scholar unearths a previously unknown manuscript. This manuscript details a radically different ending to Hamlet, where Hamlet, instead of dying, successfully avenges his father's death, restores order to Denmark, and ushers in an era of unprecedented peace and prosperity. The manuscript is authenticated by leading experts in textual criticism and Shakespearean drama, causing a global sensation and prompting countless reinterpretations of the play. Which established philosophical concept relating to the nature of tragedy would this discovery MOST profoundly challenge?

<p>The traditional understanding of catharsis as an emotional purging through suffering and loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a controversial avant-garde performance artist stages a play. He employs a troupe of actors who, during a climactic scene of intense emotional turmoil. Instead of uttering scripted lines they suddenly break character, turn directly to the audience, and deliver a series of scathing, accusatory monologues, specifically targeting individual audience members based upon scandalous rumours and deeply personal failings the artist has managed to unearth beforehand. Several audience members are driven to tears, a fistfight erupts, and the theatre is ultimately shut down by the authorities. If a critic were to analyze the play through a Brechtian lens, focusing on techniques intended to disrupt theatrical illusion and provoke critical reflection, which of the following elements would they MOST likely emphasize?

<p>The artist's strategic deployment of <em>Verfremdungseffekt</em> (alienation effect) to challenge audience passivity and foster critical engagement with the social and political context informing the performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between psychoanalysis and literary texts?

<p>Literary texts, like dreams, may reveal hidden unconscious desires and anxieties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which answer arranges the following Western critical and theoretical works in chronological order?

<p><em>Theaetetus</em>, <em>On the Art of Poetry</em>, <em>The Common Reader</em>, <em>What is a Classic?</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which novel opens with a detailed description of a wrestling match between the protagonist and a character known as 'the Cat'?

<p><em>Things Fall Apart</em> by Chinua Achebe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Billy Collins' 'Introduction to Poetry,' what does the image of 'tying the poem to a chair with rope' primarily represent?

<p>A forced and aggressive approach to literary analysis, seeking to extract a definitive meaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally understood as the function of 'poetic justice' in literature?

<p>The rewarding of virtuous characters and the punishment of wicked ones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding colonialism is most accurate?

<p>Colonialism involved intricate and often traumatic interactions between colonizers and the original inhabitants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Shakespeare's As You Like It, the line 'All the world's a stage' exemplifies which figure of speech?

<p>Metaphor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothetically, a previously unknown treatise by Friedrich Nietzsche is discovered, arguing that tragedy's value lies not in catharsis, but in its capacity to instill a sense of 'joyful affirmation' of the chaotic and senseless nature of existence. He suggests tragedy should inspire audiences to embrace even the most horrific aspects of life with ecstatic acceptance. Assuming the authenticity of this text, how would it MOST radically challenge existing interpretations of tragedy?

<p>It would invert the traditional understanding of catharsis, replacing emotional purging with a defiant celebration of life's inherent meaninglessness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following literary works is best known for developing a parallel between a card game of ombre and the dynamics of social maneuvering and courtship?

<p><em>The Rape of the Lock</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a avant-garde play opens one evening and the director has created a scenario in which the actors onstage begin to heckle and insult the audience. How might a critic using Brechtian analysis interpret it?

<p>The director is attempting to remove the illusion of theatre and force the audience to confront its own issues and assumptions about drama. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to W.H. Auden, what imperfectly describes true goodness?

<p>Fulfilling one's potential to the fullest extent allowed by nature and environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary device relies on a disparity between a character's understanding and reality?

<p>Dramatic irony (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures a key tenet of post-structuralism?

<p>Meaning is fluid and contingent, shaped by discourse, context, and the reader's interpretation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, where does the true 'darkness' lie?

<p>The corrupting influence of European colonialism and greed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which novel's opening scene prominently features a wrestling match?

<p><em>Things Fall Apart</em> by Chinua Achebe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the cornerstone of tragedy, according to Aristotle?

<p>Plot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Locana is attributed to whom?

<p>Abhinavagupta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Billy Collins' 'Introduction to Poetry', what do 'they' want to do to the poem?

<p>Force a confession out of it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a previously undiscovered dialogue by Plato surfaces, advocating a theory that truth is entirely subjective and illusory, rendering any objective knowledge fundamentally unattainable. Leading scholars authenticate the manuscript, triggering a global intellectual crisis and reshaping contemporary epistemology. Which philosophical concept would be most severely undermined by the widespread acceptance of this manuscript?

<p>Realism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose a contemporary playwright stages a production where the actors, during the climax, break character and launch personal attacks on audience members. From a Brechtian perspective, what aspect would a critic MOST likely emphasize?

<p>The disruption of theatrical illusion intended to provoke critical reflection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Subtext (in Pinter's plays)

A literary device where silences and pauses carry meaning.

Dramatic Monologue

A poem in which a single character speaks to a silent listener, revealing their personality and situation.

Literariness

The sum of the devices that distinguish literary language from ordinary language.

Hegemony

Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.

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Catharsis

The purging of emotions through art, or extreme emotional reaction.

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Pun

A figure of speech where a word is used in two different senses at the same time.

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Portmanteau word

A word blending the sounds and combining the meanings of two others.

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Allegory of the Cave

Plato's explanation of enlightenment in his work 'The Republic'.

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Palimpsest

A manuscript on which later writing has been superimposed on effaced earlier writing.

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Dramatic Irony

The audience is aware of something that the characters aren't.

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Russian Formalism

A literary movement emphasizing artistic technique over content. Focused on defamiliarization.

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Archetype

Recurring themes, characters, or linguistic structures, recognized across cultures.

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Oxymoron

A literary device that combines contradictory terms.

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Villanelle

A verse form of five tercets followed by a quatrain, using only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines in a specific pattern.

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Limerick

Comic verse consisting of five lines with a specific rhyme scheme.

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Clerihew

A short comic verse, often biographical, with a defined rhyme scheme.

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Panegyric

A speech or piece of writing praising someone or something highly.

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Golden Mean

A state of feeling of being balanced between 2 extremes

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Metaphor

The use of an explicit object or idea as a means of representing another thing or idea

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Psychoanalysis

A literary approach focusing on the unconscious desires of the author.

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Sonnet Cycle

A series of sonnets linked by a theme.

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Superdiversity

Term coined by Steven Vertovec referring to increased diversity.

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Translations of Translations

The view that all texts are layered interpretations.

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Arrivant

Coined by Edward Kamau Brathwaite referring to a newcomer to a place.

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Poetic Justice

The idea that art should reward virtue and punish vice.

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Subtext

Unspoken thoughts and motivations of characters in a play.

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Fabula

The 'correct' order of events as they happened in the story.

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Sjuzet

The order in which events are presented to the reader.

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Satire

A literary device using humour to expose or criticize.

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Paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory but contains a deeper truth.

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Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole.

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The Taming of the Shrew (Induction)

A play that opens with Christopher Sly being tricked into believing he is a lord.

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Touchstone Method

A term referring to a standard analytical or critical approach that a person uses to derive meaning from a text.

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Imagery

Using descriptive sensory language to evoke a specific feeling.

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Grendel

The monstrous creation of the story Beowulf

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Tragic Flaw

In tragedy, a character's error that leads to their downfall.

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Plot (Aristotle)

The most important element of tragedy.

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Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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Frantz Fanon

The author of The Wretched of the Earth.

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Comic Verse

A category of poetry meant to be funny or humorous.

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Soliloquy

A play in which a character delivers a speech, alone on stage, revealing thoughts.

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Neruda's View of Poetry

A loaf of bread, ceramic dish, or carved wood is similar to poetry.

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Imperialism

The exploitation of a country by powerful countries.

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Auden on Goodness

Function, power, nature and occupation are needed to be considered good.

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Khaled Hosseini's Works

Khaled Hosseini's novels include 'And the Mountains Echoed' and 'A Thousand Splendid Suns'.

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Beat Generation

The Beat Generation was a literary movement to which Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac belonged.

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Sonnet as Monument

Dante Gabriel Rossetti said that a sonnet is “a moment’s monument”.

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Mrs Dalloway's Title

Virginia Woolf's original title for Mrs Dalloway was 'The Hours'.

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Walcott's 'Omeros'

Derek Walcott's work called ‘Omeros’ is a reworking of Homer’s 'Iliad'.

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Lucy Snowe

Lucy Snowe is a character in Charlotte Brontë's novel 'Villette'.

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Abolition of English Department

Ngugi wa Thiong'o is the author of the essay “On the Abolition of the English Department”.

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American Renaissance

F.O. Matthiessen authored American Renaissance.

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The Wretched of the Earth Preface

Jean-Paul Sartre wrote the preface to Frantz Fanon's book 'The Wretched of the Earth'.

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Hobson-Jobson Compilers

Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India (1886) was compiled by Henry Yule and Arthur Burnell.

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Roman Jakobson & Viktor Shklovsky

Associated with Russian Formalism: Emphasizes literary artifice and technique.

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Koestler, Sholokhov, Grass, Coetzee

Novels include 'Darkness at Noon,' 'And Quiet Flows the Don,' 'The Tin Drum,' and 'Waiting for the Barbarians'

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Rilke's 'Untitled' poem

A poem in which stars are compared to thwarted wishes and leaping horses.

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Things Fall Apart

A novel that begins with a wrestling match of protagonist and Amalinze.

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Valdes and Cornelius

Faustus gets magic training from these German scholars.

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Kim by Rudyard Kipling

A novel that features an orphan boy and a Tibetan Lama on the Grand Trunk Road.

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Merdice

A character in the novel that is cold and cannot cook.

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Olfactory Imagery

A figure of speech where steaks have smells.

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Goodness (according to Auden)

Term for seeing a thing or creature is discharging its proper function, using its power to the fullest extent.

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The Shrew's Induction

This play sees the drunken Sly tricked into thinking he's a lord.

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Literary Texts (Psychoanalysis)

Literary works express the hidden desires and anxieties of the author's mind.

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"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

A T.S. Eliot poem, featuring the inner thoughts of a character addressing a silent listener.

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Oliver Twist's Plot

A novel chronicling efforts to convert a child into a thief.

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English in India

English not listed; fewer native speakers than second language users; state choice of official language.

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Rope (in 'Introduction to Poetry')

A constraint or restriction.

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Last lines ('Intro to Poetry')

A stubborn hunt for a singular meaning.

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Principle of Poetic Justice

The virtuous should be rewarded, and the vicious punished

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Salman Rushdie's Characters

Characters include Moraes Zogoiby, Saleem Sinai, and Vina Apsara.

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Umberto Eco

Published two books: The Role of the Reader and The Name of the Rose.

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Who is Grendel?

The monster in Beowulf.

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Study Notes

Russian Formalism

  • Roman Jakobson and Viktor Shklovsky are associated with Russian Formalism
  • Leo Spitzer and Emile Benveniste are not associated with Russian Formalism

Psychoanalysis and Literature

  • Psychoanalysis draws from Freud's theories about the mind, instincts, and sexuality
  • Literary texts, like dreams, express an author's secret unconscious desires and anxieties

Harold Pinter's Plays

  • Subtext is the term that best describes the silences and pauses in a Harold Pinter play

Chronological Order of Western Critical Works

  • The correct chronological order is: Theaetetus, On the Art of Poetry, The Common Reader, What is a Classic?

Matching Novels with Writers

  • Darkness at Noon is by Arthur Koestler
  • And Quiet Flows the Don is by Mikhail Sholokhov
  • The Tin Drum is by Gunter Grass
  • Waiting for the Barbarians is by J.M. Coetzee

"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

  • T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is a dramatic monologue

Rainer Maria Rilke Poem Analysis

  • In the poem, falling stars are compared to thwarted wishes and leaping horses
  • The expression 'did we have so many' suggests 'we had quite a few'
  • The play referred to in line 7 is Stars’

Playwrights' Chronological Order by Birth

  • The correct chronological order is: Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, Luigi Pirandello, Samuel Beckett

Paintings' Chronological Order by Creation

  • The correct chronological order is: The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo, The Night Watch by Rembrandt, The Scream by Edvard Munch, The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali.

Sonnet Cycles

  • Astrophil and Stella by Philip Sidney, Amoretti by Edmund Spenser, and The House of Life by Dante Gabriel Rossetti are examples of sonnet cycles
  • The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake, Gathered Leaves by Mary Coleridge are not sonnet cycles

Panoramic vs. Scenic Vision

  • Percy Lubbock distinguished between 'panoramic' vision and 'scenic' vision

Khaled Hosseini's Books

  • And the Mountains Echoed and A Thousand Splendid Suns are books by Khaled Hosseini.
  • Dear Zari and Difficult Daughters are not books by Khaled Hosseini.

Pablo Neruda's View on Poetry

  • According to Neruda, the singular moment in a poet's life is when their first collection is crafted
  • Neruda implies that poetry is a creative effort like any other
  • The words, "spread its aroma," suggest that poetry has the potential to travel

Robert Browning's Poem Title Source

  • Robert Browning's "Childe Harold to the Dark Tower Came" title source is Shakespeare's King Lear

Post-Structuralism

  • It complements structuralism by offering alternative modes of inquiry, explanation, and interpretation
  • It is allied to a belief in the incommensurable qualities of language
  • It does not affirm that a stable textual meaning is identifiable
  • It does not questions the linking of structuralism to Saussurean linguistics

Alice Munro's Short Stories

  • "Boys and Girls" and "The Bear Came Over the Mountain" are short stories written by Alice Munro
  • "Dancing Girls" and "The Grave of the Famous Poet" are not short stories written by Alice Munro

Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart

  • The novel begins with a description of a wrestling match between its protagonist and Amalinze, the Cat

Sequence of Events in The Merchant of Venice

  • The correct sequence is: Bassanio goes to Belmont as a pilgrim, Shylock turns down Bassanio’s invitation to dinner, Launcelot joins Bassanio’s service, Jessica and Lorenzo elope, Nerissa and Gratiano marry

Comic Verse Forms

  • Limerick and clerihew are forms of comic verse
  • Eclogue and aubade are not forms of comic verse

Matching Phrases with Poets

  • ‘still unravished bride of quietness’ is by Keats
  • ‘a dome of many- coloured glass” is by Shelley
  • "the bliss of solitude” is by Wordsworth
  • ‘fearful symmetry” is by Blake

Doctor Faustus

  • Valdes and Cornelius are German scholars who teach Faustus the art of conjuring

Jane Eyre

  • Helen Burns propounded “the doctrine of endurance” during Jane Eyre’s stay at Lowood boarding school

Literary Movements

  • Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac belonged to The Beat Generation

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

  • Dante Gabriel Rossetti said that a sonnet is “a moment’s monument”

Frantz Fanon's Works

  • The Wretched of the Earth and Black Skin, White Masks are written by Frantz Fanon
  • Culture and Imperialism and Decolonising the Mind are not written by Frantz Fanon

Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway

  • The original working title that Virginia Woolf used for Mrs Dalloway was The Hours

Kamala Das's Poetry Collections

  • Summer in Calcutta and The Old Playhouse, and Other Poems are titles of collections of poems by Kamala Das
  • The Striders and A Rain of Rites are not titles of collections of poems by Kamala Das

Derek Walcott's Omeros

  • Omeros is a reworking of the Iliad

Superdiversity

  • Steven Vertovec first put forward the term, ‘superdiversity’

Gwendolyn Brooks's "To A Winter Squirrel" Poem Analysis

  • Merdice comes out as quite deprived
  • Merdice Envies the squirrel’s behavior, Merdice is happy to have food to eat
  • The phrase "sentient twitch" in the concluding line is related to movement

Michel Foucault's Works

  • The Birth of the Clinic and The Care of the Self are works by Michel Foucault
  • The Gift of Death and Writing and Difference are not works by Michel Foucault

Translation Theory

  • Octavio Paz wrote that all texts are “translations of translation of translations”

Derek Walcott's Poems

  • "The Star-Apple Kingdom" and "Goats and Monkeys" are by Derek Walcott
  • Rough Sketch Beginning and Signals from the Simple Life are not poems by Derek Walcott

Charlotte Brontë's Villette

  • Lucy Snowe is a character in Villette

James Joyce's Finnegans Wake

  • Finnegans Wake appeared first as extracts entitled "Work in Progress"

Aristotle on Tragedy

  • The most important element of a tragedy, in Aristotle’s view, is plot

Puns in Literature

  • A pun is a play on words, depending on similarity of sound and difference in meaning
  • Shakespeare employed punning in serious contexts

Portmanteau Word

  • Lewis Carroll was the first to create the ‘portmanteau word’

Allegory of the Cave

  • Plato is associated with the ‘allegory of the cave’

Russian Formalism and Literariness

  • Russian Formalism defines literariness as the devices distinguishing literary language from ordinary language

Cultural Hegemony

  • Antonio Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony as a tool for cultural analysis

Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist

  • Charles Dickens chronicles the efforts to convert a child into a thief in Oliver Twist

Nadine Gordimer's July's People

  • The novel portrays a black revolt against the apartheid regime.

Matching Novelists with Novels

  • Elizabeth Gaskell is the author of Mary Barton
  • Robert Tressell is the author of The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists
  • George Gissing is the author of The Nether World
  • Charles Kingsley is the author of Alton Locke

Catharsis in Theatre

  • F. L. Lucas remarked that "the theatre is not a hospital," rejecting catharsis as purgation

Philip Larkin's Poem

  • Philip Larkin's poem “Annus Mirabilis” refers to Lady Chatterley’s Lover and The Beatles

Vikram Seth's An Equal Music

  • An Equal Music depicts a love story between a violinist and a pianist

Dramatic Irony

  • Dramatic irony is achieved when the audience knows more than the characters

Ngugi wa Thiong'o

  • Authored the essay “On the Abolition of the English Department”

Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness

  • Darkness in Heart of Darkness is located at the heart of civilized Europe and highlights the monstrous and exploitative nature of imperialism

Matching Books with Writers

  • Mistress of Spices is by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
  • The Dark Holds No Terrors is by Shashi Deshpande
  • Idris: Keeper of the Light is by Anita Nair
  • The Namesake is by Jhumpa Lahiri

Thomas Hardy's Works in Chronological Order

  • The correct chronological order is: Far from the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles

English Language in India

  • English is not included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution as a language of India
  • The number of people in India who use English as their native language is smaller than that of those who use English as their second language
  • The States in India are free to choose their official language and to use English as the medium of inter-state communication

Billy Collins' Poem Analysis

  • In Billy Collins' poem "Introduction to Poetry," 'them' and 'they' best represent critics
  • In the poem, the word 'rope' implies a constraint
  • The last two lines suggest a stubborn hunt for a meaning

Matching Playwrights with Plays

  • William Wycherley wrote The Country Wife
  • John Vanbrugh wrote The Provoked Wife
  • George Etherege wrote The Man of Mode
  • William Congreve wrote The Way of the World

Colonialism

  • Colonialism was not an identical process in different parts of the world
  • Colonialism, everywhere, locked the original inhabitants and the settlers into complex and traumatic relationships

Poetic Justice

  • The principle of poetic justice stipulates that the virtuous should be rewarded and the vicious punished

F.O. Matthiessen

  • Authored American Renaissance

T.S. Eliot's "The Preludes" Analysis

  • In the second line, olfactory imagery is used
  • The tone of the third line is matter-of-fact
  • The last line conveys a sense of exhaustion

Jean-Paul Sartre

  • Wrote the Preface to Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth

Hobson-Jobson Compilers

  • Henry Yule and Arthur Burnell compiled Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India (1886)

W.H. Auden on Goodness

  • Goodness is better experienced than explained
  • Good people are also happy and are doing work that suits them
  • The determining context for people to be good is occupation

Arrivant

  • Edward Kamau Brathwaite coined the term ‘arrivant’

Matching Detectives with Creators

  • Father Brown was created by G.K. Chesterton
  • Auguste Dupin was created by Edgar Allan Poe
  • Hercule Poirot was created by Agatha Christie
  • Peter Wimsey was created by Dorothy L. Sayers

The Autobiography of Malcolm X

  • Alex Haley collaborated with Malcolm X in the publication

Matching Books with Writers

  • James Clavell wrote Gai-Jin
  • Khaled Hosseini wrote The Kite Runner
  • Orhan Pamuk wrote My Name is Red
  • Haruki Murakami wrote Kafka on the Shore

Ferdinand de Saussure

  • Signifier/signified and langue/parole relate to the work of Ferdinand de Saussure

Palimpsest

  • A palimpsest refers to a manuscript in which a later writing is superimposed on an effaced earlier writing

The Taming of the Shrew

  • The play opens with an Induction scene in which the drunken Christopher Sly is persuaded to believe that he is a lord out of his mind

Abhinavagupta

  • The author of Locana

Matching Authors with Theoretical Terms

  • Michel Foucault - ‘governmentality’
  • Jean-Francois Lyotard - ‘grand narrative’
  • Roland Barthes - ‘death of the author’
  • Jacques Lacan - ‘mirror stage’

Arnold Wesker's Trilogy

  • I’m Talking about Jerusalem, Roots, and Chicken Soup with Barley are grouped together as the Wesker Trilogy
  • The Kitchen, Chips with Everything are not part of the Wesker Trilogy

Matching Authors with Country of Origin

  • Peter Handke is from Austria
  • Mario Vargas Llosa is from Peru
  • Nadine Gordimer is from South Africa
  • Jose Saramago is from Portugal

Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock

  • A parallel between a card game and the battle of the sexes is developed

Samuel Johnson on Shakespeare

  • Shakespeare is seldom successful when he engages his characters in contests of sarcasm
  • Shakespeare has no heroes; his scenes are occupied only by men

Milan Kundera

  • The author of The Book of Laughter and Forgetting

Salman Rushdie's Characters

  • Moraes Zogoiby, Saleem Sinai, and Vina Apsara are characters in the fiction of Salman Rushdie
  • Helga Gerda Caro, Agastya Sen are not characters in the fiction of Salman Rushdie

Rudyard Kipling's Kim

  • The novel features the journey of an orphan boy and a Tibetan Lama on the Grand Trunk Road

Umberto Eco's Books

  • The Role of the Reader and The Name of the Rose are by Umberto Eco
  • The Inhuman and The Social Production of Art are not by Umberto Eco

William Shakespeare's As You Like It Analysis

  • Metaphor is used in the opening line of the passage
  • "Mewling" means whimpering
  • Reputation is compared to a bubble because it is ephemeral
  • The behaviour of a soldier who is ‘sudden and quick’ is reckless

Matthew Arnold's Touchstone Method

  • Dante and Milton are cited by Matthew Arnold as examples of the ‘touchstone method’
  • Goethe and Dryden are not cited by Matthew Arnold as examples of the 'touchstone method'

Beowulf

  • Grendel is the name of the monster

W.B. Yeats' Poems Ending in a Question

  • "The Second Coming" and "Leda and the Swan" end in a question
  • "An Acre of Grass", "Adam's Curse", and "Easter, 1916" do not end in a question

Matching Movie Adaptations with Shakespearean Plays

  • Omkara is based on Othello
  • Maqbool is based on Macbeth
  • Haider is based on Hamlet
  • Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak is based on Romeo and Juliet

My Fair Lady

  • The musical adaptation of a play by G.B. Shaw.

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