Untitled Quiz

The respiratory system is responsible for providing oxygen to the body's cells and eliminating carbon dioxide waste.

A respiratory cycle includes two phases: inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out).

The vertebral column, rib cage, and pectoral girdle provide structural support for the respiratory system.

The foramen magnum is a large opening at the base of the skull that allows the brainstem to connect to the spinal cord.

The first cervical vertebra, supporting the skull and allowing head rotation.

The second cervical vertebra, articulating with the atlas to allow head turning.

12 vertebrae in the chest region, connecting to ribs and forming the rib cage.

5 vertebrae in the lower back, supporting the weight of the upper body.

Triangular bone formed by fused vertebrae, connecting to the pelvic girdle.

A bundle of nerves extending from the brainstem to the lower back, responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

Nerves that branch off the spinal cord, transmitting signals to specific body parts.

A bony structure that protects vital organs and allows for breathing.

The breastbone, connecting to the ribs and forming the front of the rib cage.

The shoulder girdle, consisting of the clavicle and scapula, supporting the arms and contributing to breathing.

The hip girdle, consisting of the ilium, pubic bones, and sacrum, providing stability for the lower body.

Force applied per unit area. Measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).

As volume increases, pressure decreases, and vice versa. This applies to gases and fluids.

The pressure beneath the vocal folds, crucial for generating sound. It takes at least 5 cm H2O to initiate phonation.

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal, quiet breathing - about 500 cc on average.

The extra amount of air you can inhale after a normal breath.

The extra amount of air you can exhale after a normal breath.

The amount of air remaining in your lungs after a forced exhalation.

The total volume of air you can exhale after taking a maximum inhale.

The amount of air remaining in your lungs after a normal exhale.

The total volume of air your lungs can hold.

The maximum amount of air you can inhale from a normal resting position.

The pressure within the pleural cavity, always negative, becoming more negative during inhalation.

The pressure inside the alveoli, typically negative during inspiration and positive during expiration.

A technique to control the airflow out of the larynx, slowing down expiration by partially contracting exhalation muscles.

Tissues within the larynx that vibrate to produce sound.

The cricoid cartilage has a facet that articulates with the arytenoid cartilage. This facet allows for movement and adjustment of the vocal cords during speech.

The arytenoid cartilage has a muscular process where muscles attach, primarily those involved in controlling the tension and position of the vocal folds.

The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilage that acts as the first line of defense for the airway. During swallowing, it flips down to cover the opening of the trachea, preventing food from entering the lungs.

The thyrohyoid membrane connects the thyroid and hyoid bones, providing support and structure to the larynx.

The aryepiglottic folds extend from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages, containing cuneiform cartilage which provides support and adds stiffness to the folds.

The conus elasticus is a layer of connective tissue extending from the thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage. It plays a crucial role in vocal fold vibration, containing the vocal ligament.

The glottis is the space between the vocal folds. Air passing through this space creates sound through vibration.

The vestibule is the area above the true vocal folds, including the false vocal folds. It helps direct airflow and plays a role in protecting the airway.

Adduction of the vocal folds occurs when the vocal folds are brought together, closing the glottis. This is essential for phonation (sound production).

The vagus nerve (CN X) has three main branches: the pharyngeal plexus, the superior laryngeal nerve, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. These branches control various motor and sensory functions of the larynx and pharynx.

The cricothyroid muscle is a laryngeal tensor, responsible for controlling pitch by lengthening and tensing the vocal folds.

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is a laryngeal adductor, responsible for closing the glottis by rotating the arytenoid cartilage.

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is a laryngeal abductor, responsible for opening the glottis by rotating the arytenoid cartilage. Essential for breathing.

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles control the position of the larynx by raising or lowering it. The elevators, which include the suprahyoid muscles, raise the larynx.

The lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue within the vocal folds. It consists of three layers that contribute to vocal fold vibration and elasticity.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are surrounded by capillaries and have permeable membranes for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The process where oxygen from inhaled air moves into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the air.

The process of oxygenated blood leaving the heart, delivering oxygen to the body, picking up carbon dioxide, returning to the heart, and being pumped to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen.

Two thin membranes lining the chest cavity and the outer surface of the lungs, providing protection and facilitating smooth lung movement.

The membrane lining the inner surface of the rib cage.

The membrane lining the outer surface of the lungs.

The space between the parietal and visceral pleura, filled with fluid to lubricate and reduce friction during breathing.

The main muscle of inspiration, separating the chest and abdominal cavities. It contracts to expand lung volume during inhalation.

The central part of the diaphragm, a strong, non-contractile structure where muscle fibers attach.

Normal, quiet breathing using only the diaphragm, involving both active and passive forces.

Muscles that assist in breathing beyond normal tidal breathing, increasing lung volume in different dimensions.

The act of exhaling, caused by the relaxation of inspiratory muscles and the elastic recoil of the lungs.

Muscles that actively push air out of the lungs during forceful exhalation, reducing lung volume further.

Muscles in the abdomen that push upward on the diaphragm, contributing to forced exhalation.

The relationship between the volume of air in the lungs and the pressure within the lungs. Volume and pressure are inversely proportional.