42nd Amendment: Socialist & Secular in Preamble

Considering the nuances of secularism as interpreted by the Indian Supreme Court, which of the following statements most accurately encapsulates the Court's stance?

In the context of the Indian Supreme Court's observations on 'Socialism,' which proposition most accurately reflects the court's interpretation, particularly concerning its divergence from classical Marxist ideology?

Given the Supreme Court's recent pronouncements on Article 39(b) of the Indian Constitution, which of the following scenarios would most likely be deemed as an impermissible overreach of state power regarding property acquisition?

Considering the evolution and status of property rights as per the various amendments to the Indian Constitution, how does Article 300A impact the state's ability to implement land reforms aimed at addressing historical injustices in land distribution?

How does the Public Trust Doctrine constrain governmental actions related to the management and allocation of natural resources, particularly concerning projects with significant environmental consequences?

Given the emphasis on decentralization in the context of internal party democracy, what implications does it have for candidate selection within political parties, especially concerning marginalized and underrepresented groups?

Considering the limitations of Section 29A of the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951, how effectively does it promote internal accountability and democratic candidate selection within political parties?

Within the United States' Electoral College system, what strategic advantage do swing states or "battleground states" possess, and how can their influence disproportionately affect presidential election outcomes?

Considering the fiscal autonomy of Municipal Corporations (MCs) in India, which of the following strategies would be LEAST effective in enhancing their revenue generation and reducing their dependence on external funding sources?

In contrast to the desired outcomes of the 74th Constitutional Amendment, which aspect of urban governance in India most severely impedes the ability of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to function as effective agents of local self-governance?

What constitutes the greatest threat to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in effectively addressing complex developmental challenges, particularly those operating in politically sensitive or conflict-affected regions?

Under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 2010, as amended, what constitutes the most significant legal impediment to the operational autonomy and effectiveness of NGOs receiving foreign funding?

Considering the limitations existing in India's Data Protection framework, especially in comparison to global standards, what strategic measures could be implemented to effectively address the ethical dilemmas and potential risks associated with AI-driven governance?

Considering India's aims to harness AI for inclusive and accessible governance, what targeted interventions would most effectively bridge the digital divide and ensure that AI-driven services reach marginalized populations, particularly in rural and remote areas?

How might participatory AI development mitigate the risks associated with algorithmic bias and discriminatory outcomes in AI-driven governance?

Despite the digitization of land records, which factors most significantly perpetuate the problem of land disputes and impede the realization of conclusive land titling?

What specific reforms are most urgently needed to improve the efficacy of land distribution schemes and prevent the dispossession of marginalized communities from their ancestral lands?

How effectively does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, address the systemic exclusion of individuals with psychosocial disabilities (mental health conditions) from mainstream society?

What key provision within the existing framework of law most effectively promotes equal opportunity for PwD?