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Questions and Answers

What is a List in Python?

A List is a collection of items that is ordered and mutable.

A List in Python is a heterogeneous data structure, meaning it can contain items of different data types.

True

A List in Python is immutable, meaning its contents cannot be changed once it is created.

False

How do you access elements within a List in Python?

Elements in a List can be accessed by their index, starting from 0 for the first element. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operations are available for Python Lists? (Select all that apply)

Slicing Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tuple in Python?

A Tuple is a collection of items that is ordered and immutable. Signup and view all the answers

A Tuple in Python can have only one element.

False Signup and view all the answers

The elements in a Tuple can be of any data type, including lists, dictionaries, and other tuples.

True Signup and view all the answers

How are elements accessed within a Tuple in Python?

Elements in a Tuple can be accessed by their index, starting from 0 for the first element. Signup and view all the answers

Tuples offer more flexibility than Lists due to their mutability, making them ideal for scenarios where contents need to be frequently modified.

False Signup and view all the answers

What makes a Tuple immutable?

Once a Tuple is created, its elements cannot be changed. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Set in Python?

A Set is an unordered collection of unique elements that is mutable. Signup and view all the answers

Elements within a Set must be hashable.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of hashable objects in Python? (Select all that apply)

Strings Signup and view all the answers

What are some common operations used with Sets in Python?

Common Set operations include union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference, add, remove, discard, pop, and update. Signup and view all the answers

Sets are commonly used to remove duplicate elements from a sequence of data and identify unique values.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a String in Python?

A String in Python is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks. Signup and view all the answers

Strings are mutable objects, which means their characters can be changed after they've been created.

False Signup and view all the answers

Characters within a String can be accessed using their index.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are some common operations used with Strings in Python?

Common operations used with Strings include indexing, slicing, concatenation, repetition, membership testing, and methods for modifying the string's case or removing leading/trailing spaces. Signup and view all the answers

Strings are often used to store and manage textual data, making them crucial for any type of text-based processing.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe the concept of functions in Python.

Functions are blocks of code that perform specific tasks, and they can be reused throughout a program. Signup and view all the answers

Functions are always required to return a value.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of functions in Python?

User-defined Functions Signup and view all the answers

What are parameters in a function?

Parameters are variables specified in a function's definition that receive values from the arguments passed during a function call. Signup and view all the answers

What are arguments in a function call?

Arguments are the actual values that you pass into a function when calling it. Signup and view all the answers

The number of arguments passed during a function call must always match the number of parameters in the function definition.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are valid ways to pass arguments to a function in Python? (Select all that apply)

Keyword arguments Signup and view all the answers

When using both positional and keyword arguments in a function call, keyword arguments must be placed before positional arguments.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'global' keyword in Python?

The 'global' keyword allows you to modify a global variable inside a function. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between local and global variables in Python.

Local variables are defined within a function, while global variables are defined outside functions. Signup and view all the answers

Global variables can only be accessed from inside functions, not outside.

False Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of an activation record in Python.

An activation record is created whenever a function is called. It stores information about the function call, such as arguments, local variables, and the return address. Signup and view all the answers

Activation records are always persistent and remain in memory for the entire duration of the program.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using 'return' in a function?

The 'return' statement is used to send back a value from a function back to the caller. Signup and view all the answers

Functions are always required to return a value.

False Signup and view all the answers

Python supports function overloading, which allows you to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the *arg notation in function parameters?

The *arg notation allows a function to accept any number of positional arguments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the **kwarg notation in function parameters?

The **kwarg notation allows a function to accept any number of keyword arguments. Signup and view all the answers

When working with functions in Python, it is not necessary to define a function before you call it.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to 'call' a function in Python?

Calling a function means executing the code within that function. Signup and view all the answers

What is a file in Python?

A file is like a container for storing information on your computer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common operations performed on files in Python? (Select all that apply)

Read Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'open()' function in Python?

The 'open()' function allows you to create or open an existing file. Signup and view all the answers

When opening a file for reading, the 'open()' function automatically creates the file if it does not exist.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'read()' function in Python?

The 'read()' function allows you to read the contents of a file. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'write()' function in Python?

The 'write()' function allows you to write data to a file. Signup and view all the answers

It is always necessary to close a file after reading it.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'close()' function in Python?

The 'close()' function releases the resources allocated to a file that was previously opened. Signup and view all the answers

Files are always processed in a specific order: open, read, write, close.

False Signup and view all the answers

Python allows you to read and write data to files simultaneously.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Python for Computational Problem Solving - Summary of Slides

The presentation covers various Python data structures like lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets, along with string manipulation and file handling.
It also delves into functions, including their definition, call, and different types, along with variable numbers of arguments.

List

A list is an ordered collection of items.
List items are elements/items.
Lists are mutable (changeable).
Elements can be of different data types (heterogeneous) or the same data type (homogeneous).
List elements can be accessed by index (starting from 0).
Lists support various operations: creation, accessing elements, adding elements (append, insert, extend), removing elements (pop, remove), counting occurrences (count), and slicing to create sublists.
Lists are iterable.
Assignment of one list to another causes both to refer to the same list.
A list can be sliced, creating a new (sub)list.

Tuple

A tuple is an ordered, immutable collection of items.
Tuples are created using parentheses.
Tuples are immutable (cannot be changed after creation).
Tuple elements can be accessed by index (starting from 0).
Tuples support concatenation (+) and repetition (*).
Tuples are iterable and can be nested.
Assignment of one tuple to another causes both to refer to the same tuple.

Dictionary

A dictionary stores data as key-value pairs.
The key values are unique and immutable.
The value associated with the key can be any valid Python data type.
Dictionaries are mutable.
Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs.
Support functions (get, items, keys, pop, popitem, setdefault, update, values).
- The get() function returns the value corresponding to a given key, if the key exists. Otherwise, it returns None.
- items() function returns a view object of the dictionary's items (key-value pairs).
- keys() function returns a view object of the dictionary's keys.
- pop() function removes and returns the value associated with a given key, if the key exists in the dictionary.
- popitem() function removes and returns an arbitrary key-value pair as a 2-tuple.
- setdefault() function returns the value associated with a given key. If the key does not exist, it inserts the key with a default value and returns that default value.
- update() function updates the dictionary by adding or modifying key-value pairs.
- values() function returns a view object of the dictionary's values.

Set

A set is an unordered collection of unique elements.
Sets are mutable and unordered.
Sets can store elements of any hashable data type(int, float, string, tuple, etc).
Sets support the union, intersection, and difference operations for comparing sets.
- These operations create new sets containing elements of the two sets that meet the specified criteria (union, intersection, and difference).
Hashable Elements include: int, float, complex, string, tuple, range, frozenset, bytes, decimal.
Non-hashable Elements include: list, dict, set, bytearray.

String

A string is a sequence of characters.
Strings are immutable.
String operations can return new strings rather than modify the original string (add, delete, or replace characters).
Support functions: len(), index(), count(), min(), max()
- The len() function returns the number of characters in a string.
- The index() function returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified character or substring in the string.
- The count() function returns the number of times a specified character or substring appears in the string.
- The min() function returns the smallest character in the string (using Unicode encoding).
- The max() function returns the largest character in the string (using Unicode encoding).

Files

Files are used to persist data that needs to be saved even after the program is closed.
The open() function is used to open a file, and file operations like reading, writing, and closing files are performed using the file object to which the open() function returns.

Function

Functions are self-contained blocks of code that perform a specific task.
Functions can take input (arguments) and return output.
Functions make code more organized and reusable.
Functions can be predefined (built-in) or user-defined.
- Predefined Functions are part of the Python standard library (print(), len(), input(), etc.)
- User Defined function are written by the programmer

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Questions and Answers

What is a List in Python?

A List in Python is a heterogeneous data structure, meaning it can contain items of different data types.

A List in Python is immutable, meaning its contents cannot be changed once it is created.

How do you access elements within a List in Python?

Which of the following operations are available for Python Lists? (Select all that apply)

What is a Tuple in Python?

A Tuple in Python can have only one element.

The elements in a Tuple can be of any data type, including lists, dictionaries, and other tuples.

How are elements accessed within a Tuple in Python?

Tuples offer more flexibility than Lists due to their mutability, making them ideal for scenarios where contents need to be frequently modified.

What makes a Tuple immutable?

What is a Set in Python?

Elements within a Set must be hashable.

Which of the following are examples of hashable objects in Python? (Select all that apply)

What are some common operations used with Sets in Python?

Sets are commonly used to remove duplicate elements from a sequence of data and identify unique values.

What is a String in Python?

Strings are mutable objects, which means their characters can be changed after they've been created.

Characters within a String can be accessed using their index.

What are some common operations used with Strings in Python?

Strings are often used to store and manage textual data, making them crucial for any type of text-based processing.

Describe the concept of functions in Python.

Functions are always required to return a value.

What are the two types of functions in Python?

What are parameters in a function?

What are arguments in a function call?

The number of arguments passed during a function call must always match the number of parameters in the function definition.

Which of the following are valid ways to pass arguments to a function in Python? (Select all that apply)

When using both positional and keyword arguments in a function call, keyword arguments must be placed before positional arguments.

What is the purpose of the 'global' keyword in Python?

Describe the difference between local and global variables in Python.

Global variables can only be accessed from inside functions, not outside.

Explain the concept of an activation record in Python.

Activation records are always persistent and remain in memory for the entire duration of the program.

What is the purpose of using 'return' in a function?

Functions are always required to return a value.

Python supports function overloading, which allows you to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

What is the purpose of the *arg notation in function parameters?

What is the purpose of the **kwarg notation in function parameters?

When working with functions in Python, it is not necessary to define a function before you call it.

What does it mean to 'call' a function in Python?

What is a file in Python?

Which of the following are common operations performed on files in Python? (Select all that apply)

What is the purpose of the 'open()' function in Python?

When opening a file for reading, the 'open()' function automatically creates the file if it does not exist.

What is the purpose of the 'read()' function in Python?

What is the purpose of the 'write()' function in Python?

It is always necessary to close a file after reading it.

What is the purpose of the 'close()' function in Python?

Files are always processed in a specific order: open, read, write, close.

Python allows you to read and write data to files simultaneously.

Study Notes

Python for Computational Problem Solving - Summary of Slides

List

Tuple

Dictionary

Set

String

Files

Function

Studying That Suits You

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