Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Connective tissue connects, supports, and binds other tissues in the body.
Composed of two primary components: cells and matrix.
Matrix contains protein fibers and ground substance, which is secreted by cells.

A gel-like, hydrophilic material primarily composed of mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid.
Functions as a barrier against viruses and foreign proteins.
Facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between cells and blood supply.
Can hold large amounts of water without changing viscosity.

Collagen Fibers: Known as white fibers; bundles have a wave-like form, possess high tensile strength, and are found in tendons.
Elastic Fibers: Yellow fibers, thin and branch frequently; consist of elastin, allowing elasticity.
Reticular Fibers: Form a fine network, very thin; often stained with silver (argyrophilic fibers).

Free Cells:
- Plasma cells
- Lymphocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
Fixed Cells:
- Fibroblasts
- Adipose cells
- Pericytes
- Mast cells
- Macrophages
- Pigmented cells

Fibroblast: Produces ground substance and connective tissue fibers; elongated shape, derived from mesenchymal cells.
Pericyte: Surrounds endothelial cells of capillaries, smaller than fibroblasts.
Adipose Cells: Synthesize and store fat; large, spherical shape with displaced nucleus when filled with fat.
Mast Cells: Large, abundant granules in cytoplasm containing heparin and histamine.

Embryonic Connective Tissue:
- Mesenchymal Tissue: Present only in embryos; semi-fluid matrix with scattered immature fibers.
- Mucoid Tissue: Jelly-like matrix, contains fibers, known as Warton jelly found in umbilical cord.
Connective Tissue Proper (Adult):
- Loose Connective Tissue:
  - Areolar Tissue: Widely distributed, surrounds vessels and nerves, contains various connective tissue cells and fibers.
  - Reticular Tissue: Forms framework of liver, adipose tissue, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.
  - Adipose Tissue: Enriched with blood vessels, enlarges with fat accumulation.
- Dense Connective Tissue:
  - More fibers and fewer cells than loose connective tissue.
  - Dense Regular Collagenous Tissue: Organized collagen fibers providing tensile strength in tendons and ligaments.
  - Dense Regular Elastic Tissue: Primarily elastic fibers, found in structures like the nuchal ligament.
  - Dense Irregular Tissue: Fibers arranged in multiple planes, providing resistance to stretching, found in dermis and vagina.