Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of total dwelling units were unoccupied in 1970?
What percentage of total dwelling units were unoccupied in 1970?
What classification accounted for the majority of occupied dwelling units in 1980?
What classification accounted for the majority of occupied dwelling units in 1980?
During which period was the program of social justice related to housing policy initiated?
During which period was the program of social justice related to housing policy initiated?
Which of the following was designed specifically for demonstration purposes?
Which of the following was designed specifically for demonstration purposes?
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What was the main purpose of Commonwealth Act No. 620?
What was the main purpose of Commonwealth Act No. 620?
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What was the occupancy rate in 1960?
What was the occupancy rate in 1960?
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What major concern was associated with slums during the 1930s?
What major concern was associated with slums during the 1930s?
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What percentage of slum families in the 1930s could not afford suitable housing?
What percentage of slum families in the 1930s could not afford suitable housing?
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What is a significant characteristic of the Lean-to shelter used by pre-colonial ancestors?
What is a significant characteristic of the Lean-to shelter used by pre-colonial ancestors?
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Which type of housing is specifically known for being carried from one town to another?
Which type of housing is specifically known for being carried from one town to another?
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The Chalet, introduced during the American colonial period, improved which housing aspect?
The Chalet, introduced during the American colonial period, improved which housing aspect?
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Which characteristic differentiates a condominium from an apartment?
Which characteristic differentiates a condominium from an apartment?
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What construction material is commonly used in modern apartments and townhouses?
What construction material is commonly used in modern apartments and townhouses?
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In the Spanish colonial period, which construction feature was commonly found in Stone Houses?
In the Spanish colonial period, which construction feature was commonly found in Stone Houses?
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What best describes the Bungalow in a Philippine context?
What best describes the Bungalow in a Philippine context?
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What was a primary concern regarding housing programs in the Philippines?
What was a primary concern regarding housing programs in the Philippines?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to Juan's homelessness?
Which factor does NOT contribute to Juan's homelessness?
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What is a push factor in the context of migration?
What is a push factor in the context of migration?
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What is a potential disadvantage for a host country receiving migrants?
What is a potential disadvantage for a host country receiving migrants?
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Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty?
Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty?
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What is a consequence of rural to urban migration?
What is a consequence of rural to urban migration?
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Which of these factors is NOT typically associated with population growth?
Which of these factors is NOT typically associated with population growth?
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What is a common obstacle faced by migrants?
What is a common obstacle faced by migrants?
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What is the term for the movement of people INTO a country?
What is the term for the movement of people INTO a country?
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What was the primary purpose of the National Housing Commission?
What was the primary purpose of the National Housing Commission?
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What does Republic Act 3802 mandate regarding rented housing units?
What does Republic Act 3802 mandate regarding rented housing units?
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Which Act revived the construction of multi-storey tenement houses for low-income families?
Which Act revived the construction of multi-storey tenement houses for low-income families?
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What is one of the secondary functions of the National Housing Corporation?
What is one of the secondary functions of the National Housing Corporation?
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What is one of the main causes of poverty in the Philippines?
What is one of the main causes of poverty in the Philippines?
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What did the National Special Housing Act introduce?
What did the National Special Housing Act introduce?
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In which area did urban redevelopment occur in the 1970s?
In which area did urban redevelopment occur in the 1970s?
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Which period is known for significant changes in agriculture and manufacturing?
Which period is known for significant changes in agriculture and manufacturing?
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What is the role of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in relation to housing projects?
What is the role of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in relation to housing projects?
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What consequence does relative poverty have on social issues such as homelessness?
What consequence does relative poverty have on social issues such as homelessness?
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Why did squatting or Iskwater become prevalent in Filipino society?
Why did squatting or Iskwater become prevalent in Filipino society?
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Which project is listed as Project 1?
Which project is listed as Project 1?
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What factor contributes to the persistence of homelessness?
What factor contributes to the persistence of homelessness?
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What was the impact of high inflation during crisis periods in the Philippines?
What was the impact of high inflation during crisis periods in the Philippines?
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Which of the following areas had a major squatter population during the 1980s?
Which of the following areas had a major squatter population during the 1980s?
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What program did the government implement to address the squatter issue in Metro Manila?
What program did the government implement to address the squatter issue in Metro Manila?
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What is a squatter?
What is a squatter?
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What characterizes a slum settlement?
What characterizes a slum settlement?
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What is meant by the term 'internal reasons' for squatting?
What is meant by the term 'internal reasons' for squatting?
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How can the 'organic process' of squatting be best described?
How can the 'organic process' of squatting be best described?
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What is one major external reason contributing to squatting?
What is one major external reason contributing to squatting?
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What distinguishes a squatter settlement from a slum settlement?
What distinguishes a squatter settlement from a slum settlement?
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Which of the following best describes the term 'bad housing'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'bad housing'?
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What role does the 'slum lord' play in the context of squatting?
What role does the 'slum lord' play in the context of squatting?
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Study Notes
Housing Review - Preliminary Modules
- Caves & Rock Shelters: Used by ancestors who moved from place to place seasonally. Nature provided shelters.
- Lean-to: Pre-colonial temporary shelters, made of twigs and leaves supported by branches. Easily dismantled and portable.
- Nipa Hut (Bahay Kubo): Pre-colonial to colonial period; primarily made of Nipa and bamboo, with thatch roofs. Constructed on stilts, easy to transport. Common in lowland areas of the Philippines, and still used in rural areas today.
- Stone House (Bahay na Bato): Spanish colonial period; stone foundation or brick lower walls with wooden upper stories, tiled roofs, and sliding Capiz windows. Influenced by Spanish architecture. Middle-class and government officials often built these homes.
- Chalet (Tsalet): American colonial period; emphasizes sanitary features, such as a pail conservancy system (cubeta). Introduced elements of both vernacular and modern materials. Often had garages for carriages.
- Bungalow: American colonial period; low-rise structure with a pitched roof, cemented walls and often features yards, gardens, and parking. Common in urban areas. Popular type of home in the Philippines.
- Apartment/Townhouse: Modern period; made of modern materials like glass, steel, and concrete. Low to mid-rise structures, sometimes with ground-floor commercial space. Common in urban areas, but also found in towns and rural areas.
- Condominium: Contemporary period; more modern than apartments; mid to high-rise structures, often called "classy".
History of Filipino Housing
- 1960-1980 Trends and Patterns: Only about 25% of total dwelling units in two regions, with Region 12 having the least. Roughly 1.5% of total dwelling units were unoccupied in 1970. Occupancy rates were close to 97% from 1960 to 1980.
- Brief Historical Background: Relocation of families with nipa huts to sanitary barrios; model barrio homes, merely demonstration projects; early housing programs; commonwealth era programs.
- Slums: Viewed as sources of crime, disease and potential rebellion.
- Homesite Act and People's Homesite Corporation: Government efforts to provide housing to laborers and low-income families.
- National Housing Commission: Created to oversee housing development programs, including slum clearance.
- Housing Programs and Projects: Mention of projects focused on relocation and resource allocation, including Tondo Foreshore, individual residential loans, urbanization projects and development.
- 1970s - 1990s: Various development authorities, ministries and laws were introduced in efforts to address housing issues.
Housing Issues and Problems
- Factors influencing homelessness: Migration; robust population growth; poverty; unemployment; industrialization; minimum wage.
- Migration: Movement of people from one place to another.
- Rural to Urban Migration: Movement from rural to urban areas.
- Poverty: Multifaceted issues including social, economic and political aspects, leading to a lack of resources such as shelter, clothing, and food.
- Housing Backlog/Housing Need: Insufficient housing options available for the population's needs.
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