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Questions and Answers

What defines a primary (1°) alcohol?

  • It has two carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group.
  • It has three carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group.
  • It has one carbon atom bonded to a tetrahedral carbon that bears the -OH group. (correct)
  • It contains one carbon atom bonded to the -OH group.

    • Which of the following correctly describes a carbonyl group?

  • A carbon atom bonded to an -OH group.
  • A carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
  • A carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom.
  • A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. (correct)

    • What is a characteristic feature of carboxylic acids?

  • They contain an amino group replacing the -OH of the carboxyl group.
  • They contain a -COOH group composed of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group. (correct)
  • They are identified by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to two alkyl groups.
  • They are derivatives of alcohols without any functional groups.

    • How is a tertiary (3°) amine classified?

    <p>It has one hydrogen atom replaced by three carbon groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is an amide?

    <p>A compound where an amino group replaces the -OH group of a carboxylic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Alcohol

    • Molecules that contain an hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a tetrahedral carbon atom.
    • Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon containing the -OH group.

    Aldehyde

    • Compounds containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom, forming a -CHO group.

    Amide

    • A functional derivative of a carboxylic acid, where the -OH group is replaced by an amino group.

    Amine

    • Organic compounds with one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia replaced by carbon groups.
    • Classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) depending on the number of carbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

    Amino Group

    • Nitrogen atom bonded to one, two, or three R groups (carbon groups).

    Carbonyl Group

    • A C=O group.

    Carboxyl

    • Combination of carbonyl group (C=O) and hydroxyl group (-OH), forming a -COOH group.

    Carboxylic Acid

    • Compounds containing a -COOH group.

    Carboxylic Ester

    • Derivative of a carboxylic acid where the hydrogen of the carboxyl group is replaced by a carbon group, forming a -COOR or -CO2R group.

    Condensed Structural Formula

    • Shorthand notation for organic structures where hydrogens are grouped with the atom they are attached to.

    Functional Group

    • Specific group of atoms within a molecule that defines its identity and chemical properties. This group determines how the molecule behaves.

    Hydroxyl Group

    • An -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.

    Ketone

    • Molecules containing a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon groups.

    Organic Chemistry

    • The branch of chemistry that studies carbon compounds.

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