Untitled Quiz

Percentage of Insect Orders: Lepidoptera (16%), Diptera (12%), Hymenoptera (13%), Coleoptera (38%), and others in percentages.

Equipment includes forceps (fine watchmaker, curved metal collecting, soft), sample vials (various types), small containers (film canister, plastic box, metal container). Small envelopes/Paper triangle, absorbent tissue, notebooks, cutting/digging tools, brushes (camel's hair preferred), bags (carry-on, plastic), hand lens (with lanyard), collecting nets (aerial, sweep, aquatic). Killing jars (including materials: absorbent paper, plaster of paris, sawdust, cyanide crystals), aspirators (with diagrams showing how insects are captured), and other collection devices (beating sheets, drag cloth, sifters).

Forceps types include fine watchmaker, curved metal collecting, and soft forceps.
Sample vials have various designs and closures. Small containers include film canisters, plastic boxes, and metal containers.
Killing Jars include absorbent paper, plaster of paris, sawdust, and cyanide crystals in the container.
Aspirators use tubes and containers for insect capture (diagram provided).
Beating Sheets: Durable white cloth attached to a frame (different shapes: square, triangular, two-handled).
Drag Cloth: Durable light-colored cloth attached to a dowel.
Sifters: Used to collect insects and mites from specific substrates, such as ground litter or decaying wood.
Separators and Extractors: Include items like Berlese Tunnels and their variations.
Traps- Different types of traps based on organism's behavior/preference.
- Malaise trap (described and Swedish entomologist mentioned)
- Pitfall and Dish traps (various designs: cereal, PVC)
- Light Traps (blacklight, Wilkinson, New Jersey, mercury vapor, light sheet)
- Color Traps (using color as attractant, including a pan trap, and a Manitoba trap)
- Sticky traps
- Electrical grid traps

Refrigeration (for medium-to-large specimens): Store specimens tightly in a container for several days. Smaller insects can be frozen overnight. Use absorbent tissue to keep specimens dry.
Dry Preservation (for small boxes, tubes, and envelopes): Suitable for Diptera and soft-bodied insects. Use tightly closed containers made from metal, glass, or plastic, place specimens from different times in the same container, layer with data.
Papering (for Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata): Suitable for moths (temporary), Trichoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, and other large specimens. Use glassine paper in arranging butterflies. Do not pack specimens tightly together. Avoid airtight containers or envelopes.

Methods for preparing specimens for permanent collections. Fresh specimens are ideal but temporarily stored specimens, especially treated before mounting, are acceptable. Dry specimens must be relaxed before mounting; liquid-preserved specimens need processing beforehand.
Different pinning procedures for different insect orders (Orthoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Odonata) are described diagrams included.
Degreasing procedures: removing internal fatty tissues using solvents (benzene, ethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride; vapor degreasing; hexane.

Mounting mediums: Water soluble (temporary), alcohol-soluble, hydrocarbon-soluble, materials for both.
Maceration (chemical removal of soft tissues).
Washing (removing excess caustic substances).
Bleaching agents.
Staining procedures.

Locality: Accurate description, unambigous, with coordinates, or country/state/city name.
Date: Day-month-year, avoiding ambiguity, hyphens or periods to avoid ambiguity in dates.
Collector: Full name, initials, et al.
Other Data: Useful data related to the specimens, e.g., hosts, habitat details (elevation, ecological types, collection conditions).
Placing Labels: Use pinning block for desired height, position labels centered under the specimen. For double-mounted insects, place the pin in the center of the right side of the label.

Housing the Collection: Standard equipment (medium-to-large, tight containers). Ensure uniformity in size and style for consistent storage. Use racks to store liquid-preserved specimens. Stoppers and lids that do not come into contact with the liquid. Appropriate lids include screw tops or damping lids. Good quality cork stoppers are preferred over plastic or rubber. Vials needing preservation can be placed upside down in a large jar filled with liquid preservative. Microscopy slides can be kept in slotted boxes and should be dry. Pinned specimens should be stored in boxes with foam bottoms.
Protecting specimens from pests and mold: freezing and use of liquid/solid fumigants (including chemicals). Drying techniques to prevent pests and mold.

Detailed procedure for safely boxing and shipping pinned insects. Include using pinning boxes, adding filler, taping and labelling, and using shipping boxes. Specify how to properly prepare a box for shipping, using materials such as a foam-filled box.