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Questions and Answers

What age group is considered neonates in pediatric anesthesia?

  • 0–1 month (correct)
  • 1–12 months
  • 2–12 years
  • 12–24 months

Which formula is used to estimate the weight of a child aged 1-5 years?

  • (0.5 x age in months) + 4
  • (4 x age in years) + 10
  • (2 x age in years) + 8 (correct)
  • (3 x age in years) + 7

Which of the following anatomical differences is NOT typically associated with neonates and infants?

  • Developed tracheal cartilages (correct)
  • Narrow nasal passages
  • Short neck
  • Large head relative to body size

What is the relationship between pediatric age and anesthetic morbidity risk?

<p>Risk is inversely proportional to age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature can predispose infants to airway obstruction during anesthesia?

<p>Large occiput (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature differentiates the pediatric airway from the adult airway?

<p>A higher position of the larynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological difference in respiratory rate between children and adults?

<p>Faster respiratory rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction during anesthesia in children?

<p>Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, what anatomical characteristic poses a challenge when inserting tubes?

<p>U-shaped epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cardiac adaptation is primarily responsible for maintaining cardiac output in children?

<p>Heart-rate-dependent cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pediatric Anesthesia

Specialized anesthesia for children, recognizing that children are not simply small adults, and their physiology, anatomy, and pharmacology differ across age groups.

Neonate (0-1 month)

A newborn, up to 44 weeks post-conception, including premature infants.

Infant (1-12 months)

Children between 1 and 12 months old.

Weight Estimation for Anesthesia

Estimating a child's weight before anesthesia procedures using age, length, or formulas to calculate appropriate medication dosages and equip.

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Airway Management in Neonates/Infants

Specific airway considerations for infants and newborns due to differences in anatomical structures like head size, soft tissue, and larynx, which can predispose to obstruction.

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Infant Larynx Position

The larynx in infants is positioned higher and more forward than in adults (around C3-4 compared to C5-6).

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Child Airway Narrowing

The narrowest part of a child's airway is at the cricoid cartilage, below the vocal cords, unlike adults where it's at the vocal cords.

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Child Respiratory Rate

Children have a faster respiratory rate than adults.

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Child Lung Compliance

Children have lower lung compliance compared to adults. This means their lungs are less stretchy.

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Cardiac Output in Children

Children's cardiac output often depends on the heart rate (rather than other factors like stroke volume).

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