3D Printing, AR, and Transaction Systems

• IT (Information Technology) involves the study, design, implementation, support, and management of data within an information system.
• IS (Information Systems) comprises a complete set of information, encompassing technology, people, and processes.

Information Systems Dimensions

• Information systems effectively utilize technology, organizations, and management.
• Understanding how organizations, management, and information technology shape the systems is important.
• Information systems create an organizational and management solution to challenges encountered.
• An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment.

Approaches to Information Systems

• The performance of a system is optimized when both its technology and the organization mutually adjust to achieve a satisfactory fit.
• Information systems can be used to make structured, semi-structured, and unstructured decisions.

The Role of Information Systems in Organizations

• Contemporary system design include growing interdependence between a firm's information systems and its business capabilities.
• Changes in strategy, rules, and processes increasingly require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications.
• An information system contains information about an organization and its environment, and also interacts with environmental actors
• Three basic activities—input, processing, and output—produce the information organizations need.
• Feedback is output returned to people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input.
• Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders and regulatory agencies, interact with both the organization and its information systems.

Levels in a Firm

• Business organizations consist of senior management, middle management, and operational management.
• Information systems serve each level of the organization.
• Middle managers often work with scientists and knowledge workers.

Strategic Business Objectives

• Using information systems deals with competitive forces and creates a competitive advantage.
• Generic strategies are enabled by using IT, such as low-cost leadership, product differentiation, and focus on market niche.
• Low-cost leadership means producing products and services at a lower price than competitors while enhancing quality; for example, WalMart.
• Product differentiation means enabling new products or services that greatly change customer convenience and experience; for example, Apple.
• Focus on market niche involves using information systems to enable specialization on a single market niche; for example, Hilton Hotels.
• Michael Porter's competitive forces model view a firm among traditional competitors, new market entrants, substitute products and services, customers, and suppliers.
• A business value chain model views the firm as a series of primary and support activities that add value to products or services,
• Benchmarking and industry best practices can improve operational efficiency, customer intimacy, and supplier intimacy.
• A value web is a networked business system that can synchronize to facilitate supply and demand.
• In the ecosystem model, multiple industries work together to deliver value to the customer.
• IT plays a major part in enabling a dense network of interactions among participating firms.
• A business model is a plan for the successful operation of a business, identifying revenue sources, the target customer base, products, and financing details.
• The Business Model Canvas is a concrete tool to describe, innovate, challenge, design, and pivot business models.

Business Model Canvas Components

• Customer Segments: Determines who the customers are
• Value Proposition: States why customers buy from a business and the gain they see in the business's provision
• Channels: Outlines how products and services are delivered to the market
• Customer Relationships: Outlines how to get, keep, and grow customers.
• Revenue Streams: Outlines how a business earns money.
• Key Resources: Comprises what unique strategic resources your business has.
• Key Activities: Comprises what unique strategic activities your business performs to deliver your value proposition.
• Key Partnerships: Comprises what non-key activities can be outsourced to allow focusing more on key activities.
• Cost Structures: Lists the major costs the business incurs.

Domino’s Pizza Overview

• Domino’s key activities are order management, SCM, marketing, customer service, and quality management
• Domino’s key resources are franchises, trained staff, transportation, and Software/Analytics
• Domino’s Value Proposition includes a 30 minute guarantee and affordable quality
• Domino’s utilizes touchpoints and a Pizza Tracker to foster customer relationships.
• Branches, apps, the website and Social Media are examples of marketing channels
• Working capital, capital cost, employees, and advertising are all components of the cost structure
• Pizza sales comprise the revenue stream
• The point of sale system PULSE captures transactional data-TPS
• PULSE can consolidate sales reports across different franchises to create a certain product category - MIS.
• PULSE limitations in analytical capabilities, require other tools because of there is no DSS capability present
• Domino's sub-processes include order, preparation, bake, quality, and delivery
• Identifying and reducing bottlenecks in the sub-processes reduce time taken for servicing the order
• Domino's Pizza Tracker develops customer intimacy
• Domino’s uses PULSE to promotes operational efficiency and centralize processes as well as track the progress of delivery.
• Domino’s relies on Apps (Android and iOS) and VoIP and virtual call centers for customer convenience.

Role of Digitalization

• Digital transformation and data-driven innovation is found in different industries.
• Organizational change is needed for data-driven innovation.
• Managing data-driven transformation can be done via these steps: choosing the right data, building predictive and optimizing models, and transforming company capabilities.
• Advanced analytics needs strengths in multiple data sources, prediction and optimization models, and organizational transformation.
• Industry 4.0 is a fourth industrial revolution that uses paradigms and tech to connect machinery and methods as an interconnected system.
• Industry 4.0 incorporates Social, Mobile, Analytics, and Cloud (SMAC).
• Industry 4.0 focuses on automation and is measured through KPIs (Key Performance Indicators).
• Blockchain can play in overall digitalisation agenda and offers faster settlements that are secure, decentralized and immutable, among other things.
• Blockchain is being used in food supply chains.
• Digital tech allows the Optimization of process for 3D printing and 100% recycling of materials.
• Various data driven innovations are being seen, including "smile to pay" and facial recognition.

New Product Development

• NPD stages: Idea Generation, Idea Screening and Evaluation, Concept Development/Testing, Market Strategy Development, Business Analysis, Product Development (Prototyping), Test Marketing, Commercialization, and Evaluation of Results
• New product development is affected by the macroenvironment, which includes competition, finances, economic conditions, and the legal framework.
• Key themes from the product development literature include the process, timing, and organizational structure.
• A product is multi-dimensional and includes features like brand name, technology, packaging, and level of service.
• Changing dimensions of a product creates a entirely new product.
• The innovation management framework needs external inputs and organization and business strategy, including knowing how to accumulate knowledge over time.
• Smartphone customers focus on size, cost reliability, ease of you and provide product specs.
• The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management method used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organizational performance against strategic goals.
• The balanced scorecard concerns identification of financial and non-financial measures, setting targets for those measures, and measuring on a regular basis.

Enterprise Systems

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) integrates software modules and a central database for seamless data sharing across the enterprise.
• Implementing ERP involves assessing the need, evaluating preparedness, mapping processes, and ensuring stability.
• Ranking ERP systems involves looking at factors like repetition, adoption rate and ease of implementation.
• ERP success factors include support from management, project execution and conflict resolution
• TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) has been designed by Gartner Group to help with technology implementations
• Supply Chain Management (SCM) aims to match demand and supply of products and services to ensure a efficient supply chain.
• Cycle view involves examining the supply chain and customer orders
• A Push system is work based on downstream demand forecasts, while a Pull system is work based on actual demand
• Linking can occur with Competitive (Business) Strategy by including Product Development Strategy, Marketing Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy.
• Achieving Strategic Fit involves ensuring all aspects are consistent as a whole
• Implied (Demand) involves examining various categories and their effects
• Achieving Strategic Fit involves having consistent SCM and competitive strategies by applying both Supply and Demand
• Drivers of chain performance involve applying Inventory Transportation and Facilities to help Logistical Drivers
• Drivers requires a understanding between efficiency and responsiveness

KMS

• A Knowledge Management System (KMS) is any kind of IT system that stores and retrieves knowledge to improve understanding, collaboration, and process alignment
• Can exist within teams or on the customer base

The Smart Internet of Things School

• A school is a example of all aspects and elements that can use IOT
• IOT consists of all sorts of devices ranging from sensors and cameras to help monitor all aspects of campus
• Schools are are able to use IOT for safety, tracking, and education.

This lesson covers topics such as 3D printing applications in manufacturing, including automotive parts and recycled materials. It also discusses connected solutions in the construction equipment industry and the use of augmented reality (AR) in equipment maintenance. Furthermore, it explores transaction processing systems with the Domino's PULSE system.