week 3: lecture 3.3
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a secondary emotion that requires social learning?

  • Shame
  • Happiness (correct)
  • Guilt
  • Embarrassment
  • When do self-conscious emotions typically develop?

  • During adolescence
  • During infancy
  • During the first year of life
  • During the second year of life (correct)
  • What is an important aspect of emotional development in toddlers?

  • Cognitive development
  • Social development
  • Expressing and labeling feelings (correct)
  • Physical development
  • What does emotion regulation involve?

    <p>Adjusting emotional state to accomplish goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that contribute to increased emotion regulation in toddlers?

    <p>Use of language, behavioral strategies, and cultural rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates toddlers to actively avoid social consequences of emotional outbursts?

    <p>Sociomoral emotions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to emerge from co-regulation?

    <p>Emotion regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does self-recognition typically emerge in toddlerhood?

    <p>During the second year of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a behavioral strategy for emotion regulation?

    <p>Seeking comfort from a trusted person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasize in toddlerhood?

    <p>Social development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development does gender identity begin to form?

    <p>Between 18-30 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Western notions of self differ from Indigenous understandings of the self?

    <p>Western notions see the self as separate from the physical and social environments, while Indigenous understandings see the self as relational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is attachment assessed in toddlers?

    <p>Through a test called 'strange situation' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic behavior of a child with disorganized-disoriented attachment?

    <p>Unusual behavior and freezing in place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the mother-child attachment relationship universal across cultures?

    <p>No, it varies across cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conflict of toddlerhood according to Erikson's theory?

    <p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of over or under-controlling parenting on the resolution of the conflict of toddlerhood?

    <p>It leads to maladaptive resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the social world of toddlers begin to include?

    <p>Siblings, peers, and friends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in father involvement in more Western countries?

    <p>Increasing involvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultures vary in terms of negative emotional expression?

    <p>Some cultures discourage negative emotional expression, while others encourage it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of toddlers with autism?

    <p>Lack of interest in social relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are toddlers typically diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>During toddlerhood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence rate for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>5 in every 200 children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of social development during toddlerhood?

    <p>Preference and emotional closeness with friends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of play during toddlerhood?

    <p>Becomes more social and interactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of emotional development during toddlerhood?

    <p>Beginning to name and regulate feelings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains important for toddlers' social development?

    <p>Warm and nurturing relationships with primary caregivers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior in toddlers with autism?

    <p>Repetitive behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of early friendships during toddlerhood?

    <p>Based on similarities and shared interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do toddlers begin to display empathy and prosocial behavior?

    <p>During toddlerhood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emotions and Emotional Development

    • Guilt is a secondary emotion that requires social learning.
    • Self-conscious emotions typically develop around 18-24 months.
    • An important aspect of emotional development in toddlers is learning to regulate their emotions.
    • Emotion regulation involves managing and modulating emotional experiences.
    • Factors that contribute to increased emotion regulation in toddlers include language development, social interaction, and parental guidance.

    Social Development

    • Toddlers are motivated to actively avoid social consequences of emotional outbursts due to fear of social rejection.
    • Self-recognition typically emerges in toddlerhood around 18-24 months.
    • Co-regulation is believed to emerge from the interaction between caregivers and toddlers.
    • A behavioral strategy for emotion regulation is distraction.
    • Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the importance of autonomy versus shame and doubt in toddlerhood.

    Attachment

    • Attachment is assessed in toddlers using the Strange Situation procedure.
    • The characteristic behavior of a child with disorganized-disoriented attachment is a lack of coherent strategy for coping with stress.
    • The mother-child attachment relationship is not universal across cultures, and its significance varies.

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • A characteristic of toddlers with autism is a lack of social interaction and communication.
    • Toddlers are typically diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder between 18-36 months.
    • The estimated prevalence rate for Autism Spectrum Disorder is around 1 in 54 children.

    Toddlerhood Development

    • The social world of toddlers begins to include more people and social interactions.
    • In Western countries, there is a trend of increasing father involvement in childcare.
    • Cultures vary in terms of negative emotional expression, with some cultures encouraging its expression and others suppressing it.

    Play and Friendships

    • A key aspect of play during toddlerhood is exploration and experimentation.
    • A key characteristic of early friendships during toddlerhood is companionship and shared play.
    • Toddlers begin to display empathy and prosocial behavior around 18-24 months.

    Social and Emotional Development

    • A key aspect of social development during toddlerhood is learning to navigate social interactions and relationships.
    • A key aspect of emotional development during toddlerhood is learning to regulate emotions and develop emotional self-awareness.
    • What remains important for toddlers' social development is the quality of caregiving and social interactions.

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