week 3: lecture 3.3

Emotions and Emotional Development

• Guilt is a secondary emotion that requires social learning.
• Self-conscious emotions typically develop around 18-24 months.
• An important aspect of emotional development in toddlers is learning to regulate their emotions.
• Emotion regulation involves managing and modulating emotional experiences.
• Factors that contribute to increased emotion regulation in toddlers include language development, social interaction, and parental guidance.

Social Development

• Toddlers are motivated to actively avoid social consequences of emotional outbursts due to fear of social rejection.
• Self-recognition typically emerges in toddlerhood around 18-24 months.
• Co-regulation is believed to emerge from the interaction between caregivers and toddlers.
• A behavioral strategy for emotion regulation is distraction.
• Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the importance of autonomy versus shame and doubt in toddlerhood.

Attachment

• Attachment is assessed in toddlers using the Strange Situation procedure.
• The characteristic behavior of a child with disorganized-disoriented attachment is a lack of coherent strategy for coping with stress.
• The mother-child attachment relationship is not universal across cultures, and its significance varies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

• A characteristic of toddlers with autism is a lack of social interaction and communication.
• Toddlers are typically diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder between 18-36 months.
• The estimated prevalence rate for Autism Spectrum Disorder is around 1 in 54 children.

Toddlerhood Development

• The social world of toddlers begins to include more people and social interactions.
• In Western countries, there is a trend of increasing father involvement in childcare.
• Cultures vary in terms of negative emotional expression, with some cultures encouraging its expression and others suppressing it.

Play and Friendships

• A key aspect of play during toddlerhood is exploration and experimentation.
• A key characteristic of early friendships during toddlerhood is companionship and shared play.
• Toddlers begin to display empathy and prosocial behavior around 18-24 months.

Social and Emotional Development

• A key aspect of social development during toddlerhood is learning to navigate social interactions and relationships.
• A key aspect of emotional development during toddlerhood is learning to regulate emotions and develop emotional self-awareness.
• What remains important for toddlers' social development is the quality of caregiving and social interactions.

Test your knowledge on social and emotional development in toddlers. Explore topics such as secondary emotions, emotion regulation, awareness of self, attachment, and Erikson's psychosocial theory. Gain insights into the development of self-conscious emotions and growing social worlds.