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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of active listening in patient communication?

  • It allows nurses to communicate faster.
  • It reduces the need for medical interventions.
  • It enables nurses to talk more.
  • It facilitates better patient communication. (correct)
  • Which technique involves restating another's message using one's own words?

  • Summarizing
  • Paraphrasing (correct)
  • Focusing
  • Clarifying
  • What does sharing empathy involve?

  • Providing solutions to problems immediately.
  • Ignoring the patient's feelings.
  • Deflecting the conversation to other topics.
  • Understanding and accepting another person's reality. (correct)
  • Why is touching considered a potent form of communication in nursing?

    <p>It historically plays a central role in healing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does summarizing benefit nurse-patient interactions?

    <p>It gives a concise review and closure to the conversation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of asking relevant questions during patient interactions?

    <p>To seek information needed for decision-making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is included in the admission (face) sheet?

    <p>Patient's legal name and social security number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using silence in a conversation with a patient?

    <p>To allow patients to think and gain insight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a graphic record typically document?

    <p>Body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document contains details about a patient’s allergies?

    <p>Admission (face) sheet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given scenario, what would be an appropriate therapeutic response by the nurse?

    <p>How do you feel about eating alone? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to avoid incorrect inferences during data collection?

    <p>Validating the data collected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the nurse's notes?

    <p>Nursing interventions and patient responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically found in a medication record?

    <p>Allergy history of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is organizing collected data important in health care?

    <p>It allows for easier identification of patterns in patient issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is expected in a medical history and physical examination record?

    <p>Past and family medical history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse consider when deciding which data to report immediately?

    <p>The relevance and urgency of the information collected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of special flow sheets?

    <p>To track fluid balance and skin assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key purpose of effective health care documentation?

    <p>To meet professional and legal standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these records is primarily used for documenting medical orders?

    <p>Physician’s order form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of documentation?

    <p>Recording data in advance is acceptable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a report in the context of documentation?

    <p>Communication intended to convey information to others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is essential when documenting data regarding client care?

    <p>Making sure entries are easy to read and understand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When interpreting the data, what can clustering of information help a nurse to do?

    <p>Recognize patterns and gaps in the collected data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of nursing ethics?

    <p>Ensuring patient confidentiality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is essential in the communication process?

    <p>Nonverbal cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes which of the following needs first?

    <p>Physiological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nursing process primarily involve?

    <p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can significantly influence the communication process in nursing?

    <p>Patient's education level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the priority for patient safety most critical?

    <p>All phases of patient care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health assessment primarily includes which of the following?

    <p>A combination of both physical examinations and patient interviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological need is considered last in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>Self-actualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ventilation in the respiratory system?

    <p>To bring air into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process does oxygenation primarily depend on?

    <p>Perfusion of blood throughout the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can decrease oxygenation?

    <p>High altitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the process of exhalation, what occurs in the respiratory muscles?

    <p>The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli called?

    <p>External respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common disease process that can affect oxygenation?

    <p>Anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of ventilation creates negative pressure in the lungs?

    <p>Inhalation using the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perfusion in the context of the respiratory system?

    <p>Flow of oxygenated blood to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by the wife's statement about Jones feeling bad for three days?

    <p>Secondary subjective data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the subjective data in Mrs. Johnson's case?

    <p>Severe headache and dizziness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an objective finding regarding Mrs. Johnson's health upon admission?

    <p>Her blood pressure reading of 180/100 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for the plan of care based on Mrs. Johnson's needs?

    <p>Emphasizing patient education on lifestyle changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the education provided to Mrs. Johnson regarding hypertension management?

    <p>Regular monitoring of blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor may contribute to Mrs. Johnson's high blood pressure according to her history?

    <p>Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign finding is most concerning for Mrs. Johnson's condition?

    <p>Blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse prioritize in Mrs. Johnson's care plan considering her clinical presentation?

    <p>Monitoring for neurological deficits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Active Listening

    Paying attention to what a patient says verbally and nonverbally.

    Sharing Observations

    Commenting on how a patient looks, sounds, or acts.

    Sharing Empathy

    Understanding and accepting another person's reality and feelings, and communicating that understanding.

    Sharing Hope

    Communicating a 'sense of possibility' to help with healing.

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    Clarifying

    Restating an unclear message to ensure understanding.

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    Focusing

    Concentrating on key parts of a conversation, especially if it is unclear or repetitive.

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    Paraphrasing

    Restating a message more briefly in your own words.

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    Therapeutic Response

    A supportive response that validates the patient's feelings and avoids contradicting their reality. In this case it would not be appropriate to tell a patient their spouse is dead.

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    Nursing Definition

    Nursing is a profession focused on patient care, encompassing various aspects including patient safety, communication, and health assessment.

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    Nursing Profession Characteristics

    Nursing is characterized by specific traits, roles, functions, and ethical standards.

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    Components of Communication

    Communication involves sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and context.

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    Communication Forms

    Communication can occur through various methods (written, verbal, or non-verbal).

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    Critical Thinking in Nursing

    Critical thinking in nursing involves analyzing information, evaluating evidence, and making sound judgments to provide the best patient care.

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    Maslow's Hierarchy

    Maslow's Hierarchy outlines basic human needs, with physiological needs being the most fundamental.

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    Physiological Needs

    Basic human needs like fluids, electrolytes, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, rest, sleep, and sex are considered essential.

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    Nursing Process

    A systematic approach to patient care, usually consisting of assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care.

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    Validating data

    Checking objective information to verify subjective information; ensures accuracy and avoids incorrect conclusions.

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    Organizing data

    Arranging collected information in a structured way to make it usable and understandable.

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    Interpreting data

    Analyzing gathered data to identify patterns, relationships, and crucial information.

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    Documenting data

    Recording collected information accurately and making judgements about the urgency of reporting certain aspects.

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    Documentation

    Written or electronic record of client care, procedures, tests and client education.

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    Report

    Oral, written, or computer-based communication of information to others.

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    Record

    Formal, legal document evidencing client care.

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    Documentation principles

    Essential guidelines for recording information accurately and legally, including date, time, legibility, and signature.

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    Oxygenation

    The process of supplying cells and tissues with oxygen through the respiratory system.

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    Respiration

    The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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    Ventilation

    The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs.

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    Perfusion

    The ability of the circulatory system to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues.

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    Alveoli

    Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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    Diffusion (in respiration)

    The movement of gases across a membrane from high to low concentration.

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    External Respiration

    Gas exchange in the lungs (alveoli).

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    Internal respiration

    Gas exchange in body tissues

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    Admission Sheet Information

    Includes patient's legal name, birth date, age, gender, social security number, address, marital status, admission date/time, diagnosis, allergies, primary care provider, and insurance.

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    Graphic Record Details

    Records vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, weight), intake/output, and oxygen saturation.

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    Daily Care Record Contents

    Documents patient's activity, diet, bathing, and elimination.

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    Medication Record Key

    Includes medication name, dosage, route, time of administration, date, and administering personnel.

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    Nurse's Notes Importance

    Contain pertinent assessments, nursing care (teaching, client response), patient complaints, and coping strategies.

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    Medical History Details

    Records past and family medical history, current problems, differential diagnoses, and physical examination findings.

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    Physician’s Order Form

    Consists of medical orders for medications, treatments, and other care procedures.

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    Physician's Progress Notes

    Records physician's observations, treatments, and patient's progress.

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    Primary subjective data

    Information that a patient provides about their own feelings, symptoms, or experiences.

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    Subjective Data (Mrs.Johnson)

    Mrs.Johnson's report of a severe headache, dizziness, and occasional medication non-adherence

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    Objective Data (Mrs.Johnson)

    Measurable and observable findings such as vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature), and physical examination results.

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    Mrs.Johnson's vital signs

    Blood pressure 180/100 mmHg, heart rate 88 BPM, respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, temperature 38.6°C.

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    Hypertension History

    Mrs.Johnson has a 5-year history of hypertension and is taking antihypertensive medications.

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    Patient education (Hypertension)

    Involves educating patients about managing their hypertension through medication adherence, lifestyle changes, or other health interventions.

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    Plan of Care (general)

    A structured strategy to meet individual patient needs and priorities, based on assessment data, considering diagnosis and treatment.

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    Patient Data

    Information regarding a patient, which can include patient symptoms, personal history, diagnostic results, and vital signs.

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    Study Notes

    First Year Fundamental of Nursing Theoretical Book

    • The book is a theoretical textbook for first-year nursing students
    • It covers foundational concepts of nursing practice, communication, critical thinking, and patient safety
    • It includes chapters on:
      • Foundations of Nursing Practice
      • Communication
      • Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice
      • Physiological Basis for Nursing Practice
      • Admission, Transfer, and Discharge
      • First Aid
      • Health and Illness Concepts
      • Ethics in Nursing
    • The authors are a group of doctors specializing in various nursing fields (medical-surgical, obstetrics & gynecology, critical care, emergency, pediatric)

    List of Contents

    • Chapter One: Foundation of Nursing Practice:
      • Definition of nursing
      • Characteristics of the nursing profession
      • Roles and functions of nurses
      • Ethics in nursing
      • Patient safety
      • Health and illness concept.
    • Chapter Two: Communication:
      • Components of communication
      • Forms of communication (verbal and nonverbal)
      • Levels of communication
      • Factors influencing communication
      • Therapeutic communication techniques
    • Chapter Three: Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice:
      • Definition of critical thinking
      • Critical thinking skills in nursing
      • Nursing process
      • Health assessment
      • Physical examination
    • Chapter Four: Physiological Basis for Nursing Practice:
      • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
      • Physiological needs (fluids, electrolytes, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, rest & sleep, sex concept, activity)
    • Chapter Five: Admission, Transfer, and Discharge:
      • Admission process
      • Transfer process
      • Referral process
      • Discharge planning
      • Elements of written discharge summary form
    • Chapter Six: First Aid:
      • Medical emergencies (breathing problems, choking, fainting, diabetic emergencies)
      • Injury emergencies (external bleeding, internal bleeding, burns, bites and stings)
      • Environmental emergencies (heat-related, cold-related)

    List of Abbreviations

    • ANA: American Nursing Association
    • RN: Registered nurse
    • ICN: International Council of Nurses
    • CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • WHO: World Health Organization
    • NANDA: North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
    • ECF: Extracellular fluid
    • I & O: Intake & Output
    • ABG: Arterial Blood Gases
    • STD: Sexual Transmitted Disease
    • GI: Gastro intestinal
    • ADL: Activity of Daily Living
    • RTA: Road Traffic Accident
    • ER: Emergency
    • OPD: Outpatient Department
    • ICU: Intensive Care Unit
    • AED: Automated External Defibrillator
    • CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
    • PPE: Personal Protective Equipment

    Learning Objectives

    At the end of each chapter students will be able to:

    • Define relevant concepts
    • Identify key components and processes
    • Differentiate relevant topics (e.g., acute vs. chronic illness, different types of nursing diagnoses)

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