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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of active listening in patient communication?

  • It allows nurses to communicate faster.
  • It reduces the need for medical interventions.
  • It enables nurses to talk more.
  • It facilitates better patient communication. (correct)

Which technique involves restating another's message using one's own words?

  • Summarizing
  • Paraphrasing (correct)
  • Focusing
  • Clarifying

What does sharing empathy involve?

  • Providing solutions to problems immediately.
  • Ignoring the patient's feelings.
  • Deflecting the conversation to other topics.
  • Understanding and accepting another person's reality. (correct)

Why is touching considered a potent form of communication in nursing?

<p>It historically plays a central role in healing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does summarizing benefit nurse-patient interactions?

<p>It gives a concise review and closure to the conversation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of asking relevant questions during patient interactions?

<p>To seek information needed for decision-making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is included in the admission (face) sheet?

<p>Patient's legal name and social security number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using silence in a conversation with a patient?

<p>To allow patients to think and gain insight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a graphic record typically document?

<p>Body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document contains details about a patient’s allergies?

<p>Admission (face) sheet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given scenario, what would be an appropriate therapeutic response by the nurse?

<p>How do you feel about eating alone? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to avoid incorrect inferences during data collection?

<p>Validating the data collected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the nurse's notes?

<p>Nursing interventions and patient responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically found in a medication record?

<p>Allergy history of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is organizing collected data important in health care?

<p>It allows for easier identification of patterns in patient issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is expected in a medical history and physical examination record?

<p>Past and family medical history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse consider when deciding which data to report immediately?

<p>The relevance and urgency of the information collected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of special flow sheets?

<p>To track fluid balance and skin assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of effective health care documentation?

<p>To meet professional and legal standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these records is primarily used for documenting medical orders?

<p>Physician’s order form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of documentation?

<p>Recording data in advance is acceptable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a report in the context of documentation?

<p>Communication intended to convey information to others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is essential when documenting data regarding client care?

<p>Making sure entries are easy to read and understand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When interpreting the data, what can clustering of information help a nurse to do?

<p>Recognize patterns and gaps in the collected data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of nursing ethics?

<p>Ensuring patient confidentiality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is essential in the communication process?

<p>Nonverbal cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes which of the following needs first?

<p>Physiological needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nursing process primarily involve?

<p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can significantly influence the communication process in nursing?

<p>Patient's education level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the priority for patient safety most critical?

<p>All phases of patient care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health assessment primarily includes which of the following?

<p>A combination of both physical examinations and patient interviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological need is considered last in Maslow's hierarchy?

<p>Self-actualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ventilation in the respiratory system?

<p>To bring air into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process does oxygenation primarily depend on?

<p>Perfusion of blood throughout the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can decrease oxygenation?

<p>High altitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the process of exhalation, what occurs in the respiratory muscles?

<p>The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli called?

<p>External respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common disease process that can affect oxygenation?

<p>Anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of ventilation creates negative pressure in the lungs?

<p>Inhalation using the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is perfusion in the context of the respiratory system?

<p>Flow of oxygenated blood to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is represented by the wife's statement about Jones feeling bad for three days?

<p>Secondary subjective data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the subjective data in Mrs. Johnson's case?

<p>Severe headache and dizziness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an objective finding regarding Mrs. Johnson's health upon admission?

<p>Her blood pressure reading of 180/100 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is essential for the plan of care based on Mrs. Johnson's needs?

<p>Emphasizing patient education on lifestyle changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the education provided to Mrs. Johnson regarding hypertension management?

<p>Regular monitoring of blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor may contribute to Mrs. Johnson's high blood pressure according to her history?

<p>Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vital sign finding is most concerning for Mrs. Johnson's condition?

<p>Blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse prioritize in Mrs. Johnson's care plan considering her clinical presentation?

<p>Monitoring for neurological deficits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Active Listening

Paying attention to what a patient says verbally and nonverbally.

Sharing Observations

Commenting on how a patient looks, sounds, or acts.

Sharing Empathy

Understanding and accepting another person's reality and feelings, and communicating that understanding.

Sharing Hope

Communicating a 'sense of possibility' to help with healing.

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Clarifying

Restating an unclear message to ensure understanding.

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Focusing

Concentrating on key parts of a conversation, especially if it is unclear or repetitive.

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Paraphrasing

Restating a message more briefly in your own words.

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Therapeutic Response

A supportive response that validates the patient's feelings and avoids contradicting their reality. In this case it would not be appropriate to tell a patient their spouse is dead.

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Nursing Definition

Nursing is a profession focused on patient care, encompassing various aspects including patient safety, communication, and health assessment.

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Nursing Profession Characteristics

Nursing is characterized by specific traits, roles, functions, and ethical standards.

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Components of Communication

Communication involves sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback, and context.

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Communication Forms

Communication can occur through various methods (written, verbal, or non-verbal).

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Critical Thinking in Nursing

Critical thinking in nursing involves analyzing information, evaluating evidence, and making sound judgments to provide the best patient care.

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Maslow's Hierarchy

Maslow's Hierarchy outlines basic human needs, with physiological needs being the most fundamental.

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Physiological Needs

Basic human needs like fluids, electrolytes, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, rest, sleep, and sex are considered essential.

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Nursing Process

A systematic approach to patient care, usually consisting of assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating care.

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Validating data

Checking objective information to verify subjective information; ensures accuracy and avoids incorrect conclusions.

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Organizing data

Arranging collected information in a structured way to make it usable and understandable.

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Interpreting data

Analyzing gathered data to identify patterns, relationships, and crucial information.

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Documenting data

Recording collected information accurately and making judgements about the urgency of reporting certain aspects.

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Documentation

Written or electronic record of client care, procedures, tests and client education.

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Report

Oral, written, or computer-based communication of information to others.

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Record

Formal, legal document evidencing client care.

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Documentation principles

Essential guidelines for recording information accurately and legally, including date, time, legibility, and signature.

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Oxygenation

The process of supplying cells and tissues with oxygen through the respiratory system.

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Respiration

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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Ventilation

The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs.

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Perfusion

The ability of the circulatory system to deliver oxygenated blood to tissues.

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Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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Diffusion (in respiration)

The movement of gases across a membrane from high to low concentration.

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External Respiration

Gas exchange in the lungs (alveoli).

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Internal respiration

Gas exchange in body tissues

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Admission Sheet Information

Includes patient's legal name, birth date, age, gender, social security number, address, marital status, admission date/time, diagnosis, allergies, primary care provider, and insurance.

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Graphic Record Details

Records vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, weight), intake/output, and oxygen saturation.

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Daily Care Record Contents

Documents patient's activity, diet, bathing, and elimination.

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Medication Record Key

Includes medication name, dosage, route, time of administration, date, and administering personnel.

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Nurse's Notes Importance

Contain pertinent assessments, nursing care (teaching, client response), patient complaints, and coping strategies.

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Medical History Details

Records past and family medical history, current problems, differential diagnoses, and physical examination findings.

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Physician’s Order Form

Consists of medical orders for medications, treatments, and other care procedures.

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Physician's Progress Notes

Records physician's observations, treatments, and patient's progress.

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Primary subjective data

Information that a patient provides about their own feelings, symptoms, or experiences.

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Subjective Data (Mrs.Johnson)

Mrs.Johnson's report of a severe headache, dizziness, and occasional medication non-adherence

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Objective Data (Mrs.Johnson)

Measurable and observable findings such as vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature), and physical examination results.

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Mrs.Johnson's vital signs

Blood pressure 180/100 mmHg, heart rate 88 BPM, respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, temperature 38.6°C.

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Hypertension History

Mrs.Johnson has a 5-year history of hypertension and is taking antihypertensive medications.

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Patient education (Hypertension)

Involves educating patients about managing their hypertension through medication adherence, lifestyle changes, or other health interventions.

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Plan of Care (general)

A structured strategy to meet individual patient needs and priorities, based on assessment data, considering diagnosis and treatment.

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Patient Data

Information regarding a patient, which can include patient symptoms, personal history, diagnostic results, and vital signs.

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Study Notes

First Year Fundamental of Nursing Theoretical Book

  • The book is a theoretical textbook for first-year nursing students
  • It covers foundational concepts of nursing practice, communication, critical thinking, and patient safety
  • It includes chapters on:
    • Foundations of Nursing Practice
    • Communication
    • Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice
    • Physiological Basis for Nursing Practice
    • Admission, Transfer, and Discharge
    • First Aid
    • Health and Illness Concepts
    • Ethics in Nursing
  • The authors are a group of doctors specializing in various nursing fields (medical-surgical, obstetrics & gynecology, critical care, emergency, pediatric)

List of Contents

  • Chapter One: Foundation of Nursing Practice:
    • Definition of nursing
    • Characteristics of the nursing profession
    • Roles and functions of nurses
    • Ethics in nursing
    • Patient safety
    • Health and illness concept.
  • Chapter Two: Communication:
    • Components of communication
    • Forms of communication (verbal and nonverbal)
    • Levels of communication
    • Factors influencing communication
    • Therapeutic communication techniques
  • Chapter Three: Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice:
    • Definition of critical thinking
    • Critical thinking skills in nursing
    • Nursing process
    • Health assessment
    • Physical examination
  • Chapter Four: Physiological Basis for Nursing Practice:
    • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
    • Physiological needs (fluids, electrolytes, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, rest & sleep, sex concept, activity)
  • Chapter Five: Admission, Transfer, and Discharge:
    • Admission process
    • Transfer process
    • Referral process
    • Discharge planning
    • Elements of written discharge summary form
  • Chapter Six: First Aid:
    • Medical emergencies (breathing problems, choking, fainting, diabetic emergencies)
    • Injury emergencies (external bleeding, internal bleeding, burns, bites and stings)
    • Environmental emergencies (heat-related, cold-related)

List of Abbreviations

  • ANA: American Nursing Association
  • RN: Registered nurse
  • ICN: International Council of Nurses
  • CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • WHO: World Health Organization
  • NANDA: North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
  • ECF: Extracellular fluid
  • I & O: Intake & Output
  • ABG: Arterial Blood Gases
  • STD: Sexual Transmitted Disease
  • GI: Gastro intestinal
  • ADL: Activity of Daily Living
  • RTA: Road Traffic Accident
  • ER: Emergency
  • OPD: Outpatient Department
  • ICU: Intensive Care Unit
  • AED: Automated External Defibrillator
  • CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • PPE: Personal Protective Equipment

Learning Objectives

At the end of each chapter students will be able to:

  • Define relevant concepts
  • Identify key components and processes
  • Differentiate relevant topics (e.g., acute vs. chronic illness, different types of nursing diagnoses)

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