3 Types of Chemical Bonds Flashcards

Study Notes

Ionic Bond

Formed by the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
Generates oppositely charged ions: cation (positively charged metal) and anion (negatively charged nonmetal).

Covalent Bond

Occurs between atoms with similar electronegativities, indicating a shared affinity for electrons.
Atoms share electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.

Metallic Bonding

Specific type of covalent bonding among metal atoms, allowing valence electrons to move freely.
Described as a "sea of electrons" interacting with fixed, positively charged metal ions.
Found in pure elemental metals (e.g., gold, aluminum) and in alloys (e.g., brass, bronze).

Electrons in Ionic Bonds

Electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Electrons in Covalent Bonds

Electrons are shared between atoms that have similar electronegativities.

Electrons in Metallic Bonds

Valence electrons are free to move throughout the metal lattice.

Strongest Type of Bond

Covalent bonds are considered the strongest type of chemical bond.

Non-polar Covalent Bond

Formed between identical atoms or atoms with very similar electronegativities (difference < 0.5).
Electrons are shared equally, leading to a stable bond.

Polar Covalent Bond

Formed between atoms with different electronegativities (difference between 0.5 and 1.9).
Results in a charge separation: one atom gains a partial negative charge, and the other obtains a partial positive charge.

Comparison of Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Polar bonds have unequal sharing of electrons, leading to a weaker interaction.
Nonpolar bonds involve equal sharing due to identical electronegativities, resulting in stronger bonding.

Description

Explore the three main types of chemical bonds through these flashcards. Understand the concepts of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds with concise definitions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in chemistry.