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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe an epidemic that establishes itself in a particular area for a long term?

  • Endemic (correct)
  • Sporadic
  • Pandemic
  • Cyclic
  • Which form of epidemic occurs over a large area at irregular intervals?

  • Local
  • Sporadic (correct)
  • Cyclic
  • Pandemic
  • What is the definition of a pandemic in the context of epidemics?

  • An epidemic that appears periodically in a particular area
  • An epidemic that is limited to local occurrences
  • An epidemic that affects a large number of individuals across continents (correct)
  • An epidemic contained within a specific region
  • What does disease incidence measure?

    <p>The number of diseased plants relative to the total examined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a regional epidemic?

    <p>Occurs over a wide area or regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resistance is characterized by being monogenic and host-specific?

    <p>Vertical resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the speed of disease development in crops?

    <p>Type of crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as 'ontogenic resistance' in plants?

    <p>Resistance that changes with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen reproduction type leads to severe epidemics with multiple generations in one growing season?

    <p>Polycyclic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the quantity of inoculum affect disease development?

    <p>Greater inoculum will generally result in higher disease rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of 'highly aggressive' pathogens?

    <p>They spread rapidly with more inoculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does introducing a new host have in the context of plant diseases?

    <p>It can introduce primary inoculum to subsequent crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about pathogen factors is true?

    <p>High birth and low death rates can contribute to pathogen population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as an increase of disease in a plant population?

    <p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components may contribute to the development of a plant disease epidemic?

    <p>Favorable environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are involved in studying epidemiology?

    <p>Host, pathogen, and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In viral diseases, which element is not a necessary component for an epidemic?

    <p>Favorable climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases are sometimes referred to as epiphytotic?

    <p>Plant disease epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes host factors affecting disease epidemics?

    <p>Resistance levels and diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not typically influence the spread of plant disease epidemics?

    <p>Total carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a factor affecting the development of disease epidemics?

    <p>Economic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathogen is likely to produce inoculum primarily on the aerial parts of the host?

    <p>Ectoparasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is considered the dominant factor in diseases caused by oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and nematodes?

    <p>Moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the human activities that can result in an increased potential for disease epidemics?

    <p>Site selection and preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what kind of soil are disease epidemics more likely to develop?

    <p>Low-lying soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes passive dispersal of a pathogen?

    <p>Dispersal through field tools and irrigation water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial time factor influencing the spread of pathogens?

    <p>Season of the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural practice is likely to reduce the severity of disease epidemics?

    <p>Crop rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of propagative material can increase the likelihood of disease transmission?

    <p>Infected nursery stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the disease triangle help understand regarding tree diseases?

    <p>The interaction between environment, host, and pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor that increases the susceptibility of a host to disease?

    <p>Adverse environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of tree diseases, what role does the environment play in the disease triangle?

    <p>It creates optimal conditions for pathogen development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for diagnosing tree diseases effectively?

    <p>Analyzing both symptoms and environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition could lead to an increased incidence of epiphytotics?

    <p>High density of susceptible host trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an epiphytotic condition in tree diseases?

    <p>Widespread disease occurrence affecting many trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to contribute to the development of tree diseases?

    <p>Diversity in tree species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What general approach is key in recognizing a tree disease?

    <p>Observing symptoms and their patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tree Diagnosis

    • Tree diagnosis is the process of recognizing a disease from its symptoms.

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