Questions and Answers
法定傳染病的主要特點是什麼？
哪些疾病是法定傳染病的例子？
醫療機構對法定傳染病的報告要求是什么？
公共衛生機構對法定傳染病的應對措施包括什么？
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法定傳染病的報告目的是什麼？
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哪種疾病需要立即公共衛生行動？
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Study Notes
法定傳染病 (Notifiable Infectious Diseases)
Definition
- Diseases that are required by law to be reported to the government or public health authorities when diagnosed or suspected
- Purpose: to ensure timely and effective response to prevent the spread of infectious diseases
Characteristics
- High risk of transmission to others
- Potential to cause significant harm or death
- Require immediate public health action to prevent outbreaks or epidemics
Examples of 法定傳染病
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers (e.g. Ebola, Lassa fever)
- Bacterial infections (e.g. cholera, plague)
- Vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g. measles, polio)
- Respiratory infections (e.g. SARS, MERS)
- Waterborne diseases (e.g. typhoid fever, Legionnaires' disease)
- Vector-borne diseases (e.g. dengue fever, Zika virus)
Reporting Requirements
- Healthcare providers must report suspected or confirmed cases to local public health authorities
- Reports must include patient demographics, symptoms, and laboratory results
- Reports are used to track disease trends, identify outbreaks, and implement control measures
Public Health Response
- Investigation and contact tracing to identify potential sources and contacts
- Isolation and quarantine to prevent further transmission
- Vaccination and treatment of contacts and affected individuals
- Environmental cleaning and disinfection to reduce transmission risk
- Communication and education to the public and healthcare professionals
法定傳染病
定義
- 根據法律規定，醫療機構必須向政府或公共衛生機構報告診斷或疑似感染的疾病
- 目的是ensureтимely和有效的響應，以 防止傳染病的傳播
特徵
- 高度傳染性，容易傳播給他人
- 可能導致嚴重傷亡
- 需要立即的公共衛生干預以防止爆發或流行
法定傳染病的例子
- 病毒性出血熱（例如埃博拉、拉沙熱）
- 細菌感染（例如霍亂、鼠疫）
- 可預防的疫苗疾病（例如麻疹、脊髓灰質炎）
- 呼吸道感染（例如SARS、MERS）
- 水源性疾病（例如傷寒、倫格氏病）
- 襲擊性疾病（例如登革熱、伊波拉病毒）
報告要求
- 醫療機構必須向當地公共衛生機構報告疑似或確診的病例
- 報告必須包括患者人口統計、症狀和實驗室結果
- 報告用於追蹤疾病趨勢、識別爆發和實施控制措施
公共衛生回應
- 調查和聯繫追蹤以確定潛在的sources和聯繫者
- 隔離和檢疫以防止進一步的傳播
- 為聯繫者和受影響個體進行疫苗接種和治療
- 環境清潔和消毒以減少傳播風險
- 對公眾和醫療專業人員進行溝通和教育
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Description
了解法定傳染病的定義、特徵和例子。這些疾病需要向政府或公共衛生機構報告，以防止傳染病的傳播。
