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What command initializes Terraform and prepares the environment for deployment?

  • $ terraform deploy
  • $ terraform start
  • $ terraform configure
  • $ terraform init (correct)

    • Which of the following describes a resource block in Terraform configuration?

  • Specifies the infrastructure components to be managed (correct)
  • Defines a provider for external services
  • Defines variable values for the configuration
  • Sets up a state management backend

    • What is the purpose of terraform.tfstate in Terraform?

  • It keeps logs of changes made during the deployment process.
  • It holds user credentials for accessing cloud services.
  • It tracks the current state of the infrastructure managed by Terraform. (correct)
  • It stores configuration data for Terraform projects.

    • What is the purpose of the 'outputs' in a Terraform module?

    <p>To provide results from the module back to the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of Terraform Cloud is focused on managing access and permissions?

    <p>Access Controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Terraform configuration, what does the 'provider' block do?

    <p>Specifies the external service to work with</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tool is used to maintain a consistent structure and version control during software installation?

    <p>Configuration Management Tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command checks the execution plan for the changes that Terraform will make?

    <p>$ terraform plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Terraform Cloud plan includes Policy as Code (Sentinel)?

    <p>Team and Governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using infrastructure as code (IaC) with Terraform?

    <p>Consistency and repeatability in infrastructure deployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Terraform support the concept of Immutable Infrastructure?

    <p>Through the use of pre-installed software in VM or Docker images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Terraform manage state when deploying resources?

    <p>It uses a local file to keep track of deployed resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Remote State feature in Terraform Cloud provide?

    <p>A centralized way to manage state files for different teams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'apply' command in Terraform do?

    <p>Applies the changes required to reach the desired state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of Private Module Registry in Terraform Cloud?

    <p>It enables the creation of private, reusable modules within an organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics are typical of Provisioning Tools in Infrastructure as Code?

    <p>They create and deploy resources such as servers and databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'delete_on_termination' attribute indicate for the root block device?

    <p>The device will be automatically deleted when the instance is terminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct format for the primary network interface ID?

    <p>eni-0ccd57b1597e633e0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'iops' attribute in the root block device configuration specify?

    <p>The minimum performance of the device in input-output operations per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the public DNS 'ec2-54-71-34-19.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com'?

    <p>The instance is accessible over the internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Terraform state management, what does the 'schema_version' attribute indicate?

    <p>The version of the Terraform state file format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Terraform resource type is represented by 'aws_instance'?

    <p>A virtual machine instance in AWS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'provider' attribute used in a Terraform configuration?

    <p>To specify the provider for the configured resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'private_ip' attribute represent in an AWS instance configuration?

    <p>The IP address assigned to the instance within the VPC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    KODE KLOUD Terraform Certification Details

    • Duration: 60 minutes
    • Cost: $70.50 USD
    • Validity: 2 years
    • Question Type: Multiple choice, multiple options, true/false
    • Number of Questions: ~57
    • Proctoring: Online proctored
    • Virtual Machines: No VMs
    • Browser: PSI Secure Browser
    • Additional Equipment: No additional monitors or headphones
    • Equipment Requirements: Webcam, speakers, and microphone turned on; quiet, well-lit, and clean room
    • Registration: https://www.hashicorp.com/certification/terraform-associate

    Terraform Cloud

    • Connects Users: to physical machines, VMware, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure.
    • Uses: .tf files and terraform.tfstate files.
    • Version Control: Terraform Cloud uses version control with tools like GitHub.
    • Multiple Cloud Providers: Supports multiple cloud providers (e.g., AWS, GCP, Azure).
    • Shared State: Provides a consistent and reliable environment through shared state.
    • Ul Interface: User-friendly interface
    • Secret Management: Secure management of secrets
    • Access Controls: Access controls are managed via the interface.
    • Private Registry: Supports private registries.
    • Policy Controls: Implementation of policy controls within the interface.
    • Different Versions: 1.0 and 0.12 versions are shown representing potential use cases.

    Introduction to Terraform Cloud

    • It enables a centralized management system for infrastructure resources.
    • HashiCorp Terraform Cloud is a service running in the cloud which manages infrastucture code in a consistent and reliable environment.

    Types of IAC Tools

    • Configuration Management: Tools like Ansible, Puppet, SaltStack designed to install and manage software. They maintain a standard structure, leverage version control and are idempotent.
    • Server Templating: Tools like Packer, Docker, Vagrant pre-install software and dependencies and use immutable infrastructure (e.g.) VM or Docker images.
    • Provisioning Tools: Tools like HashiCorp Terraform, CloudFormation are used to deploy immutable infrastructure resources (like servers, databases, network components), and function across multiple providers.

    Installing Terraform & HCL Basics

    • Terraform Installation: Download and install for different operating systems (macOS, Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris) using the appropriate wget commands, unzip, and mv to the specified directory to properly install Terraform.
    • HCL Basics: HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language) is used as a declarative language for defining infrastructure as code. Code examples are provided in local.tf for defining the file structure and content.

    Terraform Basic Commands

    • terraform init: Initializes the Terraform environment
    • terraform plan: Generates an execution plan to show the upcoming changes to your infrastructure
    • terraform apply: Applies the changes from terraform plan
    • terraform destroy: Destroys the resources defined within your infrastructure
    • terraform show: Displays the configuration of your infrastructure
    • terraform fmt: Formats your infrastructure code within your configuration files for easier readability.

    Terraform State & Variables

    • Terraform state persists the infrastructure configuration using a state file.
    • Variables in Terraform can be defined and used.
    • Precedence of variables means some can take precedence over others during application.
    • Variables can be defined in different files and provide defaults for use.

    Terraform Providers

    • Accessing cloud resources.
    • Different types of providers.
    • Official, verified & community providers.

    Terraform Modules

    • Reusable configurations; avoid code repetition by using pre-built configs.
    • The main.tf file acts as the entry point for configuration when using modules.

    Terraform Aliases

    • Can be used to reduce typing. Creating short names for larger inputs.
    • Defined in provider.tf file; can use default AWS cloud attributes for example.

    Terraform Resources

    • 'resource' keyword denotes a type of actionable object; creates, updates, or destroys infrastructure.
    • Example: aws instance, aws key pair, aws security group.

    Terraform Data Sources

    • 'data' keyword denotes a type of non-actionable object—acts as a data source and only reads from existing structure within an infrastructure. No changes are performed. Example: aws key-pair.

    Count and For-Each

    • count: A resource can be deployed multiple times based on set sizes— useful for deploying multiple instances of identical resources within an infrastructure.
    • for_each: A resource can be deployed multiple times (dynamically) based on an item count (such as items within a list or map)

    Terraform Output

    • Used to show outputs—for example, outputs of a previously run configuration.

    Dynamic Blocks

    • Create multiple resources using a variable containing a map or list of values
    • Replaces parts of a resource with variable values

    Terraform Workspaces

    • Create isolated instances of terraform.
    • Separate environments with isolated configurations.

    Terraform Provisioners

    • Used to execute commands on the provisioned resources— useful for configuring remote environments (e.g., installing packages).

    Terraform Taint

    • Marks a resource as tainted (meaning in need of re-creation).
    • Used to force a resource to be re-provisioned, such as when changes have been made and are not reflected in the configuration.

    Terraform Import

    • Imports a resource from an existing infrastructure into your Terraform state.

    Terraform State

    • Stores Terraform's configuration and relationships between resources in a state file.
    • Remote backend stores the state in a cloud environment while local state is stored locally (in a file).

    Debugging

    • Output useful logging to view and debug Terraform execution issues.

    Terraform Aliases

    • Provide shorthand names to reduce typing for commands or large configuration entries.

    Terraform Commands

    Terraform Lifecycle Rules

    • Specify when to create, update, or destroy resources. This is useful when dealing with resources in another stage being dependent on previous resources.

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