Behavioral Aspect part 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between trait anxiety and state anxiety in athletes?

Low trait anxiety leads to heightened state anxiety reactions.

Only self-esteem affects state anxiety reactions in athletes.

High trait anxiety is unrelated to state anxiety levels.

High trait anxiety and low self-esteem are linked to heightened state anxiety reactions. (correct)

Which factor contributes to increased anxiety according to the situational sources?

Increased confidence among participants.

Low social physique anxiety.

Decreased event importance.

Increased uncertainty regarding outcomes. (correct)

According to the Inverted U Hypothesis, what happens to performance under aroused and overaroused states?

Both states have no effect on performance.

Performance improves in both states.

Overaroused conditions lead to poor performance. (correct)

Underaroused conditions yield maximum performance.

How does self-esteem affect state anxiety in athletes?

Athletes with low self-esteem tend to experience more state anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of effective behavioral programs?

Specific, detailed, and frequent measurement of behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding social physique anxiety?

Individuals with high social physique anxiety may avoid fitness settings. Signup and view all the answers

Why is immediate feedback important in behavioral programs?

It strengthens personal responsibility for performance Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect does extrinsic reward have on intrinsic motivation?

It may decrease enjoyment if perceived as controlling Signup and view all the answers

What should rewards in a behavioral program be based on?

Specific levels of competence or behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a detrimental assumption about extrinsic rewards according to Cognitive Evaluation Theory?

They have an inherent controlling aspect that can diminish enjoyment Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for promoting improvement in a behavioral program?

Recording past performance as a benchmark for improvement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about maintaining behavior is true?

It requires different strategies than initial behavior development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a basic component of a plan of action in behavioral programs?

Recording behaviors to monitor progress Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of arousal?

Mental and physical activation level manifesting in motivation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anxiety refers to the immediate feelings experienced at a given moment?

State Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What does Trait Anxiety primarily measure?

How an individual generally responds to anxiety-inducing situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of stress according to the outlined model?

Environmental Demand Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the perception of stress?

The individual's view or interpretation of the demands. Signup and view all the answers

What are somatic state anxiety measurements related to?

Moment-to-moment physiological changes. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of stress according to the stress model?

Changes in behavior based on the stress response. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a situational source of stress?

Event importance and uncertainty. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'intensity of effort' refer to?

The amount of effort a person exerts in a situation Signup and view all the answers

Which view considers both individual traits and the surrounding situation in understanding motivation?

Interactional View Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect is crucial for building motivation in individuals?

Understanding people's multiple motives for involvement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method to influence motivation?

Ignoring achievements Signup and view all the answers

How can a coach enhance motivation for individuals in a team?

By acknowledging individual contributions Signup and view all the answers

What does the situational-centered view suggest about motivation?

Motivation can be influenced by the environment Signup and view all the answers

What type of motives can influence a person's involvement in physical activity?

Cultural motives Signup and view all the answers

To effectively change undesirable participant motives, which strategy can be utilized?

Use behavior modification Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives someone motivated by achievement motivation?

Mastery and pride Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on how individuals perceive the causes of their successes and failures?

Attribution Theory Signup and view all the answers

In the Social Comparison Stage, individuals primarily focus on which of the following?

Directly comparing their performance to others Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Integrated Stage of development?

Understanding one's place in a group and knowing when to compete Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between outcome-focused and process-focused goals?

Process-focused goals can lead to more successful outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

How do motivational influences from parents, teachers, coaches, and peers play a role in development?

They shape the way individuals understand motivation and competition. Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals motivated by social goal orientation primarily seek?

Affiliation and social connections within a group Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the Need Achievement Theory?

It helps explain whether individuals are motivated for success or tend to avoid failure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Feedback and Behavioral Programs

Immediate feedback fosters improvement; timing should consider practice versus competition.
Emphasize personal responsibility for behaviors, ensuring clarity and suitability of the feedback.
Effective behavioral programs require specific, frequent measurements to track performance.
Distinguish between creating new behaviors and maintaining existing ones; focus on self-improvement against previous records.
Coaches must monitor performance accurately to enhance accountability.

Plan of Action for Behavior Management

Clearly define target behaviors and communicate them effectively.
Keep detailed records of behaviors for evaluation.
Provide meaningful feedback to motivate improvement.
Outline desired outcomes explicitly.
Individualize reward systems to cater to diverse participant needs.

Motivation and Rewards

Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that extrinsic rewards may reduce intrinsic enjoyment of an activity.
Controlling rewards risk manipulating behavior, leading to resentment among participants.
Rewards should enhance intrinsic motivation by being perceived as informational rather than controlling.
Scholarship athletes may experience reduced intrinsic motivation compared to non-scholarship athletes.

Arousal and Anxiety

Arousal is a mental and physical activation that can influence performance but can lead to negative states when excessive.
State anxiety refers to the immediate feelings of nervousness and worry during a specific task.
Somatic and cognitive state anxiety can affect physical responses and mental peace, respectively.
Trait anxiety indicates a person's overall disposition towards anxiety in various situations.

Understanding Stress

Stress arises from a perceived imbalance between actual feelings and expected feelings.
Stages of stress:
- Environmental demand creates psychological or physical imposition.
- Individual perception of stress varies based on personal traits like trait anxiety.
- Physical and psychological responses to stress include measurable and non-measurable effects.
- Behavioral consequences can provide feedback on stress management effectiveness.

Sources of Stress and Anxiety

Situational sources of stress arise from the importance of events and uncertainty.
Personal factors such as trait anxiety, self-esteem, and social physique anxiety significantly influence stress levels.
Individuals with high trait anxiety or low self-esteem experience heightened anxiety and stress reactions.

Arousal, Anxiety, and Performance Theories

Drive Theory posits that performance increases with arousal but fails to accommodate optimal arousal levels.
The Inverted U Hypothesis suggests both under-arousal and over-arousal lead to poor performance.
Individualized Zones of Optimal Functioning highlight the importance of personal arousal levels for peak performance.
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory indicates that cognitive anxiety negatively affects performance outcomes.

Building Motivation

Recognize both situational and individual traits to enhance motivation.
Identify diverse motives for participation in physical activity, including competing and social motives.
Create environments that promote competition and recreation, adjusting based on group dynamics.
Employ strategies like positive reinforcement and constructive criticism to influence motivation effectively.

Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness

Achievement motivation focuses on mastery and personal pride in performance.
Competitiveness involves the desire for satisfaction through comparison with others.
Need Achievement Theory explores motivations for success versus fear of failure.

Theories on Attribution

Attribution Theory analyzes causes of success or failure based on talent, effort, strategies, and controllability.
Understanding attributions can enhance motivation by influencing future goal-setting and performance beliefs.

Goal Orientation Frameworks

Achievement Goal Theory differentiates between outcome-focused and process-focused motivations.
Social goal orientation emphasizes group affiliation and recognition as key motivational factors.
Understanding the contrast between entity (fixed) and incremental (growth-oriented) perspectives can guide motivational strategies.

Developmental Stages of Motivation

The Autonomous Competence Stage involves early mastery of skills and self-reliance.
In the Social Comparison Stage, individuals focus on comparing themselves to others.
The Integrated Stage achieves a balance between self-comparison and competition with others.
Influences from parents, coaches, and peers play a crucial role in shaping motivational development.

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