Sys Path Final Prep

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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes the clinical course of acute pancreatitis?

  • It is a serious illness, which can result in severe hemorrhage and peritonitis (correct)
  • It is a mild condition that resolves quickly without treatment
  • It only affects older adults and is rarely seen in younger patients
  • It is a chronic condition that develops gradually over many years

What is diverticulosis?

  • A condition where the colon is blocked by waste material.
  • Formation of small pouches in the colon that can become inflamed; typically affects adults. (correct)
  • An inflammation of the appendix.
  • A genetic disorder affecting digestive enzymes.

What type of inflammatory bowel disease is likely?

  • Ulcerative colitis (correct)
  • Crohn's disease
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Celiac disease

Which type of viral hepatitis is self-limited, can be vaccinated for, and almost never causes severe hepatitis and cirrhosis?

<p>Hepatitis A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bacteria contributes to developing peptic ulcer disease?

<p>Helicobacter pylori (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is this likely to be the cause of Cushing's Disease?

<p>Pituitary adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moon face, dorsal fat pad deposition, truncal obesity, and striae together may indicate what?

<p>Cushing's syndrome (adrenal hyperfunction) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid enlargement can occur due to a deficiency in what mineral?

<p>Iodine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin condition is characterized by scaly and sensitive patches of skin that are typically silver/white in color, with an autoimmune origin, and is not contagious?

<p>Psoriasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for all types of skin cancers?

<p>Sun exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client presents with patches of rough, reddened skin that form circular patterns. The ring-shaped lesions are found on the arms, legs, and torso. What is it likely to be?

<p>Tinea corporis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tumor that originates from melanocytes is called:

<p>Malignant melanoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common contagious skin condition?

<p>Impetigo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client presents with ankles and feet of a purplish color with poor circulation. There are open sores present that the client is not aware of. The client mentions they are having sensation issues with their feet that have been developing over time. What condition might this be a sign of?

<p>Diabetes mellitus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical finding in patients with Addison's disease?

<p>Hyperpigmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer?

<p>Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of liver cancer?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication of chronic liver disease?

<p>Ascites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of portal hypertension is:

<p>Cirrhosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient walks into the RMTs clinic experiencing pain in the flack / mid low back, with a fever. The therapist performs a Murphy's Test on the patient, which is positive. During the interview process, the patient notes that they have been peeing a lot more recently and sometimes even blood

What is the most likely diagnosis? Case Study 1

<p>Pyelonephritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following additional findings would most strongly support the suspected diagnosis? Case Study 1

<p>Leukocyte esterase and nitrites in urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next best step in the management of this patient? Case Study 1

<p>Initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient's condition were to progress, which of the following is the most likely complication? Case Study 1

<p>Renal abscess (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis? Case Study 2

<p>Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory tests would best confirm the suspected diagnosis? Case Study 2

<p>Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient? Case Study 2

<p>Insulin therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is most likely to develop if this condition is not managed appropriately?

<p>Ketoacidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which long-term complication is this patient most at risk for? Case Study 2

<p>Retinopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Cholecystitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?

<p>Abdominal ultrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?

<p>Immediate surgical consultation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication of this condition if left untreated?

<p>Biliary sepsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle modification could potentially reduce the recurrence of this condition?

<p>Low-fat diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis?

<p>Pancreatic cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following imaging studies would be most useful in confirming the suspected diagnosis?

<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would most likely worsen as this condition progresses?

<p>Persistent back pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient given their diagnosis?

<p>Surgical resection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a known risk factor for the development of this condition?

<p>Chronic tobacco use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for the development of diverticulosis include:

<p>Chronic constipation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for identifying appendicitis?

<p>Both b and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An intussusception is defined as:

<p>One segment of the intestine slides into the lumen of an immediately adjacent section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: A prolactinoma is a malignant tumor of the pituitary gland that causes increased levels of prolactin in the blood—it is the most common type of pituitary adenoma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect in the structure of the kidneys so the kidneys are unable to respond appropriately to ADH.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true with respect to a pheochromocytoma?

<p>Most common symptom is high blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A volvulus is defined as what?

<p>Twisting of a loop of the intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach remains in place below the diaphragm, but a portion of the stomach enters the thoracic cavity alongside the esophagus?

<p>Paraesophageal hiatal hernia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) may be used as a treatment for which of the following?

<p>Renal stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorder(s) can be a cause of peritonitis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis caused by?

<p>Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conn's Syndrome occurs when there is a:

<p>Hypersecretion of aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the viral disease caused by a flare-up of latent varicella zoster virus that presents as a painful rash of blisters, often in a unilateral, dermatomal distribution?

<p>Shingles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by chronic venous insufficiency leading to inadequate blood supply, resulting in hypoxic skin and hyperpigmentation, with a history of varicose veins and lower extremity swelling?

<p>Stasis dermatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the highly contagious parasitic infection caused by a female mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs, presenting as a pimple-like rash with wavy lines and intense pruritis?

<p>Scabies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a parasitic infection transmitted through sexual contact or transferred on clothing, bedding, or towels, characterized by a round, wide body resembling a crab?

<p>Pediculosis pubis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral infection is highly contagious, spread via respiratory droplets, presents with lymphadenopathy and a mild, quickly fading rash, and can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or congenital defects if contracted during pregnancy?

<p>Rubella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A skin condition that presents as an open sore that bleeds, oozes, and crusts and remains open for 3+ weeks; can sometimes resemble psoriasis or eczema. It is caused by UV radiation and is 2x more common in men. What is this condition?

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic facial condition of middle-aged and older people with fair complexions that often affects the central area of the face and presents as redness, tiny pimples, and telangiectasia?

<p>Acne rosacea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a chronic, inherited, and recurrent inflammatory but non-infectious dermatosis that presents as demarcated, erythematous plaques of various sizes covered in silvery scales?

<p>Psoriasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acute Pancreatitis Clinical Course

A serious illness that can result in severe hemorrhage and peritonitis.

Diverticulosis

Formation of small pouches in the colon that can become inflamed; typically affects adults.

Ulcerative Colitis

An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum.

Hepatitis A

A type of viral hepatitis that is self-limited, preventable by vaccination, and rarely causes severe complications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Helicobacter pylori

A bacterium that contributes to the development of peptic ulcer disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pituitary Adenoma

Typically benign tumors that arise from the pituitary gland.

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Cushing's Syndrome

Clinical indication of adrenal hyperfunction caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.

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Iodine

A mineral needed for thyroid hormone production; deficiency can cause thyroid enlargement (goiter).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psoriasis

A chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by scaly, red patches, often with a silver/white appearance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skin Cancer Risk Factor

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

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Tinea Corporis

Fungal infection of the skin that causes ring-shaped lesions.

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Malignant Melanoma

A tumor that originates from melanocytes (pigment-producing cells).

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Impetigo

A bacterial skin infection characterized by superficial blisters or sores.

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Diabetes Mellitus

A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.

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Addison's Disease

A hormonal disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to hyperpigmentation.

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Colorectal Cancer Risk Factor

A chronic inflammatory condition of the colon.

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Type 1 Diabetes Cause

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

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Liver Cancer Risk Factor

Infections of the liver can be a risk factor.

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Ascites

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often due to liver disease.

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Portal Hypertension Cause

Scarring of the liver, which increases resistance to blood flow.

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Pyelonephritis

A bacterial infection of the kidneys.

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Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrites in Urine

Indicators of infection in the urine.

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Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

Administering antibiotics that target a broad range of bacteria.

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Renal Abscess

A localized collection of pus in the kidney.

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

A metabolic disorder resulting from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.

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Confirming Diagnosis: Lab Tests

Laboratory tests used to assess blood glucose levels and insulin production.

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Insulin Therapy

Treatment with insulin to manage blood sugar levels.

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Ketoacidosis

A metabolic state characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood, often due to insulin deficiency.

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Retinopathy

Damage to the blood vessels in the retina, a long term effect.

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Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones.

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