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What is Swing in Java?

Swing is a user interface toolkit that provides a rich set of user interface elements and allows for platform-independent GUI development.

What class in Swing is used to create a top-level window?

JFrame

Which method is used to change the size of a JFrame?

  • JFrame.setDimensions()
  • JFrame.setSize() (correct)
  • JFrame.resize()
  • JFrame.changeSize()

    • Swing components are configured on the event dispatch thread.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you set the JFrame to be not resizable?

    <p>JFrame.setResizable(false)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The command to set the default close operation for a JFrame to exit the application is: frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.___);

    <p>EXIT_ON_CLOSE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the setLocation(int x, int y) method do in JFrame?

    <p>It sets the position of the JFrame on the screen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class is used to draw graphics in Java 2D?

    <p>Graphics2D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods to their descriptions:

    <p>setTitle = Sets the title of the frame setResizable = Sets whether the frame can be resized setLocation = Sets the position of the frame on the screen setDefaultCloseOperation = Sets the action on closing the frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To display an image in a JFrame, use the command: frame.setIconImage(new ImageIcon("______").getImage());

    <p>icon.gif</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you construct an ellipse in Java?

    <p>Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double(centerX - width / 2, centerY - height / 2, width, height);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to select a color in the Graphics2D class?

    <p>setPaint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class defines standard colors such as BLACK, RED, and GREEN?

    <p>java.awt.Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Color constructor allows RGB values from 0 to 255.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you fill a shape with color?

    <p>Call fill instead of draw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the getAvailableFontFamilyNames method?

    <p>To return an array of strings containing all available fonts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What methods does the MenuListener interface define?

    <p>menuSelected, menuDeselected, menuCanceled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method used to obtain the string bounds is called getString____.

    <p>Bounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the menuSelected method perform when the Read Only checkbox menu item is selected?

    <p>Disables Save and Save As actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes with their descriptions:

    <p>Line2D = Represents a line defined by two points Rectangle2D = Represents a rectangle defined by a corner and size Font = Defines font properties such as size and style ImageIcon = Encapsulates image data for display</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you create a toolbar in Swing?

    <p>JToolBar bar = new JToolBar();</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the JPanel class?

    <p>It acts as a container to hold components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the second parameter of the JTextField constructor set?

    <p>the width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you structure a Font object?

    <p>Font font = new Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you change the text of a JTextField?

    <p>Use the setText method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to add a button to a JToolBar?

    <p>bar.add(button);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layout manager makes components fill the available space?

    <p>BorderLayout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By default, toolbars in Swing are vertical.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class does Swing provide for password fields?

    <p>JPasswordField</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do you use to enable line wrapping in a JTextArea?

    <p>setLineWrap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to set a tooltip text for a button in Swing?

    <p>setToolTipText</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of toolbars?

    <p>Users are often mystified by the meanings of the tiny icons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ButtonGroup responsible for?

    <p>Managing radio buttons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you specify a title for a JToolBar?

    <p>new JToolBar(titleString)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you create a combo box in Swing?

    <p>Using JComboBox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constant is used to create a vertical JToolBar?

    <p>SwingConstants.VERTICAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method adds a new item to a JComboBox?

    <p>addItem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constructor should be used to create a JSlider?

    <p>JSlider(min, max, initialValue)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the setEnabled method do for a menu item?

    <p>Enables or disables the menu item</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods are used to create menus in Swing? (Select all that apply)

    <p>JMenu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A JCheckBox can hold multiple selection states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You can add icons to menu items in Swing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding an action listener to menu items?

    <p>To initiate a method when the menu item is clicked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Graphics Programming Overview

    • Introduces Java graphical user interfaces (GUIs), focusing on window creation, frame positioning, text display, and image handling.

    Introducing Swing

    • Swing is an extension to Java 1.1, included in Java SE 1.2, providing a robust GUI toolkit.
    • Developed to address the limitations of AWT which often led to platform-specific bugs.
    • Swing components are not peer-based; they use Java's code to render UI elements, resulting in portability ("Write Once, Run Anywhere").
    • Provides a consistent user experience across platforms but may differ visually from native controls.

    Creating a Frame

    • JFrame serves as a top-level window in Swing, extending the AWT Frame class, and supports JFC/SWING component architecture.
    • Multiple constructors available for JFrame allows for flexibility in creation:
      • Invisible frame, frame with a title, frame with specific graphics configurations.
    • Set frame dimensions and visibility using JFrame.setSize(width, height) and JFrame.setVisible(true).
    • Frame resizing can be toggled using JFrame.setResizable(true/false), controlling user resizing options.
    • Position frames on screen using JFrame.setLocation(x, y) with (0, 0) being the top-left corner.
    • Closing behavior can be managed with JFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(int), with options for exiting or disposing.

    Positioning a Frame

    • Key methods for positioning and customizing frames:
      • setLocation(int x, int y) and setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int height) to specify location and size.
      • setIconImage(Image img) for the title bar icon and setTitle(String title) for frame text.

    Frame Properties

    • Getter/setter methods implement properties for frame customization, like getTitle() and setTitle(String title).

    Determining a Good Frame Size

    • Use Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize() to obtain screen dimensions.
    • Ideal frame size often set to 50% of screen size, positioning automatically can be done with setLocationByPlatform(true).
    • ImageIcon class simplifies image loading for icons.
    • frame.setExtendedState(Frame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH) to maximize the frame.

    Displaying Information in a Component

    • Information is displayed within a frame by adding components to the content pane via Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane().
    • Custom components extend JComponent, requiring implementation of paintComponent(Graphics g) for custom painting.
    • Use g.drawString(text, x, y) for text display; override getPreferredSize for suggested component dimensions.

    Working with 2D Shapes

    • Java 2D library offers advanced shape drawing capabilities, requiring a Graphics2D object for drawing operations.
    • Uses Object-Oriented principles organizing shapes like Line2D, Rectangle2D, Ellipse2D and providing a Shape interface.
    • Includes methods to create shapes (e.g., Graphics2D.draw(shape)) with appropriate casting for type consistency.
    • For rectangles, use setFrameFromDiagonal(p1, p2) and for ellipses, setFrameFromCenter(center, width, height).

    Using Color

    • Graphics2D.setPaint(Color) to select drawing colors and fill method to paint closed shapes.
    • Java's Color class provides predefined constants for common colors and allows custom colors through RGB values.
    • Backgrounds and foregrounds for components are set using setBackground(Color) and setForeground(Color) methods.### System Colors and Fonts
    • Use p.setBackground(SystemColor.window) to set the default window color.
    • The available system color names and their meanings are listed in a specific table (Table 10.1).
    • To discover available fonts, use the getAvailableFontFamilyNames method from the GraphicsEnvironment class.
    • Create font objects using the Font class, specifying face name, style, and size: Font sansbold14 = new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 14);.
    • Font styles include Font.PLAIN, Font.BOLD, Font.ITALIC, and Font.BOLD + Font.ITALIC.

    Font Handling

    • Load font files in various formats like TrueType, OpenType, or PostScript using an input stream.
    • To create a font from a file, use: 
      Font f1 = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, in);
    • Adjust font size with deriveFont: Font f = f1.deriveFont(14.0F);.

    String Measurement and Rendering

    • Measure string dimensions with getStringBounds and getFontRenderContext from Graphics2D.
    • Obtain the width, height, and ascent of a string using Rectangle2D bounds.
    • getLineMetrics provides descent and leading information.

    Image Display

    • Load images using ImageIcon and display with the drawImage method.
    • Tiling images across a window can be achieved by drawing and copying areas in the paintComponent method.

    Java Adapter Classes

    • Java provides adapter classes to simplify listener interface implementation:
      • WindowAdapter for WindowListener
      • KeyAdapter for KeyListener
      • MouseAdapter for MouseListener
      • MouseMotionAdapter for MouseMotionListener
      • FocusAdapter for FocusListener
      • ComponentAdapter for ComponentListener
      • ContainerAdapter for ContainerListener

    Model-View-Controller (MVC) Design Pattern

    • MVC is integral to designing the Swing framework:
      • Model: Stores content/state (e.g., ButtonModel).
      • View: Displays content (e.g., button appearance).
      • Controller: Handles user input events.

    Layout Management

    • Components are placed in containers managed by layout managers.
    • Default layout managers include:
      • BorderLayout: Positions components in five areas (N, S, E, W, CENTER).
      • GridLayout: Arranges components in a grid with equal cell sizes.

    Text Input Components

    • JTextField: Accepts a single line of text.
    • JTextArea: Accepts multiple lines, can be wrapped with setLineWrap(true).
    • JPasswordField: Masks user input with asterisks.
    • JScrollPane: Enables scrollable views for text components.

    Choice Components

    • Checkboxes: Represent binary choices (JCheckBox). Use setSelected() to manage state.
    • Radio Buttons: Are exclusive selections, grouped for mutual exclusivity. Managed by a ButtonGroup.

    Event Handling

    • Attach listeners to components (e.g., ActionListeners to buttons) to define behaviors based on user actions.
    • Retrieve states of components (e.g., selected state of checkboxes) to change component properties dynamically.### Button Group and Action Listener
    • Create a ButtonGroup to group JRadioButton components, allowing only one button to be selected at a time.
    • Each button can be created with an initial selection state, e.g., mediumButton initially selected.
    • Utilize ActionListener to handle button actions by setting the font size based on the selected radio button.
    • Prefer separate action listeners for buttons to tightly couple size values to specific buttons rather than a single listener managing all conditions.

    Borders in Swing

    • Borders visually separate components in user interfaces, useful for grouping sets of radio buttons.
    • Create borders using BorderFactory methods, selecting from styles like Lowered Bevel, Raised Bevel, or Etched.
    • A title can be added to borders using BorderFactory.createTitledBorder.
    • Combine multiple borders by calling BorderFactory.createCompoundBorder.
    • Apply a border to a component using setBorder method of JComponent.

    Combo Boxes

    • Use JComboBox when multiple options are available, allowing for compact display compared to radio buttons.
    • Make the combo box editable with setEditable to permit text entry in addition to selection.
    • Add items to a combo box with addItem, and use insertItemAt to place items at specific positions.
    • Remove items dynamically with removeItem or removeItemAt, and clear all items with removeAllItems.
    • Handle selections with an ActionListener to update the UI based on the selected item.

    Sliders

    • JSlider allows selection from a continuous range of numbers, with parameters for min, max, and initial values.
    • Vertical sliders can be created with the SwingConstants.VERTICAL parameter.
    • Configure tick mark spacing with setMajorTickSpacing and setMinorTickSpacing, with visible tick marks enabled by setPaintTicks.
    • Attach labels to tick marks using a Hashtable for clear value representation.
    • Customize slider appearance by enabling/disabling track display with setPaintTrack and adjusting direction with setInverted.
    • Menus provide an organized way to access application commands, typically implemented with a JMenuBar.
    • Construct menus by creating JMenu objects and adding them to the menu bar; populate menus with JMenuItem.
    • Use ActionListener to handle actions for each menu item, providing interactivity when items are selected.
    • Create class-based action handlers using AbstractAction for tailored behavior linking to menu items.

    Icons in Menu Items

    • Menu items can have icons using constructors that accept Icon, similar to buttons.
    • Use setHorizontalTextPosition to manage the positioning of text relative to icons.

    Checkbox and Radio Button Menu Items

    • Implement checkbox items with JCheckBoxMenuItem, allowing toggled states.
    • Group radio button menu items using ButtonGroup to ensure one selection at a time.

    Pop-Up Menus

    • Create floating menus with JPopupMenu, without requiring a title.
    • Use setComponentPopupMenu for attaching pop-up menus to components, enabling context-sensitive interactions.

    Keyboard Shortcuts and Mnemonics

    • Enhance usability by implementing keyboard mnemonics, which are easily specified when creating JMenuItem.
    • Connect keyboard accelerators (e.g., Ctrl+O) to menu items with setAccelerator.

    Enabling/Disabling Menu Items

    • Control menu item availability with setEnabled, making it context-sensitive.
    • Monitor menu events using MenuListener to dynamically enable/disable items based on conditions.

    Toolbars

    • Toolbars provide a user-friendly interface for common commands, implemented with JToolBar.
    • Populate toolbars with buttons or Action objects, and organize groups using separators.

    Tooltips

    • Add informative tooltips to components using setToolTipText for improved user guidance.
    • Associate tooltips using the Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION key for actions representing buttons.

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