2.2 - Classical Viewpoint Management Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is 'therblig'?

It refers to one of 17 basic motions workers can perform.

Who coined the term 'therblig'?

Frank Gilbreth

What is the date range for the classical viewpoint?

1911 - 1947

What is the date range for the behavioral viewpoint?

1913 - 1950's Signup and view all the answers

What is the date range for the quantitative viewpoint?

1940s - 1950s Signup and view all the answers

What did the classical viewpoint do?

The classical viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently and assumed that people are rational. It has two branches - scientific and administrative. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint?

Scientific and administrative Signup and view all the answers

What problem did the classical viewpoint attempt to address?

In the early 20th century, labor was in short supply, so managers looked for ways to make employees more productive. Signup and view all the answers

What is scientific management?

Management approach that emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two big proponents of scientific management?

Frederick W. Taylor and the team of Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Signup and view all the answers

Who is Frederick Taylor?

He is the father of scientific management. He believed managers could improve workers' productivity by applying four principles of science. Signup and view all the answers

What were Taylor's four principles of science?

<ol> <li>Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part if it. 2. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task. 3. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task with proper work methods. 4. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What did Taylor base his system on?

Motion studies, as he broke down each worker's job into basic physical motions. Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested the differential rate system?

Frederick Taylor Signup and view all the answers

What is the differential rate system?

More efficient workers earn higher rates of pay. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction received from Taylor's ideas?

Workers were against it, as they feared it would lead to lost jobs except for the highly productive few. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Taylor important?

If used correctly, his ideas can enhance productivity. His innovations such as motion studies and differential pay are still used today. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Gilbreths expand on Taylor's motion studies?

They filmed workers in order to isolate parts of the job. Signup and view all the answers

Who were Frank and Lillian Gilbreth?

Parents to 12 children, expanders of Taylor's motion studies. Lillian was the first woman to be a major contributor to management science. Signup and view all the answers

How are scientific management and administrative management different?

Scientific management is concerned with the jobs of individuals, whereas administrative management is concerned with managing the total organization. Signup and view all the answers

What is administrative management?

Management concerned with managing the total organization. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the three pioneering theorists of administrative management?

Charles Clinton Spaulding, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber. Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the eight necessities of management?

Charles Clinton Spaulding Signup and view all the answers

Who is the father of African-American management?

Charles Clinton Spaulding Signup and view all the answers

Why is Spaulding important?

Spaulding's necessities broadened the view of what it takes to effectively manage people and organizations. Signup and view all the answers

What considerations did Spaulding suggest emphasizing?

The need for authority, division of labor, adequate capital, proper budgeting, and cooperation. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Henri Fayol?

Fayol was a French engineer and industrialist who was the first to systematize management behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Fayol important?

He developed the four major functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Max Weber?

Max Weber (1864 - 1920) was a German sociologist who supported bureaucracy. Signup and view all the answers

What five positive bureaucratic features did Weber suggest?

<ol> <li>A well-defined hierarchy of authority. 2. Formal rules and procedures. 3. A clear division of labor. 4. Impersonality. 5. Careers based on merit.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Weber important?

His views came to influence the structure of large corporations, such as the Coca-Cola Company. Signup and view all the answers

What is a flaw in the classical viewpoint?

It was viewed as too mechanistic: it tends to view humans as cogs within a machine. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the classical viewpoint important?

The classical viewpoint led to innovations such as management by objectives and goal setting. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Viewpoint Overview

The classical viewpoint spans from 1911 to 1947, focusing on efficient work management.
It has two main branches: scientific management and administrative management.

Scientific Management

Frank Gilbreth coined the term "therblig," which identifies 17 basic motions performed by workers.
Frederick W. Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, promoted the use of scientific principles to enhance productivity.

Taylor's Principles

Taylor’s approach includes evaluating tasks scientifically rather than relying on old methods, selecting suitable workers, training them properly, and planning work methods using scientific principles.
He emphasized motion studies to improve efficiency, breaking down tasks into basic motions.

Differential Rate System

Taylor introduced the differential rate system, rewarding more efficient workers with higher pay, though it faced backlash from workers fearing job loss.

Contributions of the Gilbreths

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded Taylor's concepts by filming workers to analyze job tasks and improve efficiency.
Lillian Gilbreth was notable as the first significant female contributor in management science.

Administrative Management

Administrative management focuses on managing the entire organization rather than individual jobs.
Key theorists include Charles Clinton Spaulding, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber.

Pioneers of Administrative Management

Charles Clinton Spaulding: Known as the father of African-American management; proposed eight necessities of management that address authority and cooperation.
Henri Fayol: A French industrialist who outlined the four major functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Max Weber: A German sociologist who supported bureaucracy, advocating for a well-defined authority structure and formal rules.

Bureaucratic Features

Weber's bureaucratic features include a clear hierarchy, division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers, influential in shaping corporate structures like Coca-Cola.

Critique of Classical Viewpoint

The classical viewpoint is often criticized for being too mechanistic, treating individuals as mere components rather than acknowledging human needs.

Legacy of the Classical Perspective

Innovations such as management by objectives and goal setting emerged from the classical viewpoint, underscoring its lasting impact on management practices.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the classical viewpoint in management, including key terms like 'therblig' and the contributions of Frank Gilbreth. This quiz covers the historical timelines of classical and behavioral viewpoints, enhancing your understanding of scientific and administrative management principles.