2.2 - Classical Viewpoint Management Quiz

Classical Viewpoint Overview

• The classical viewpoint spans from 1911 to 1947, focusing on efficient work management.
• It has two main branches: scientific management and administrative management.

Scientific Management

• Frank Gilbreth coined the term "therblig," which identifies 17 basic motions performed by workers.
• Frederick W. Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, promoted the use of scientific principles to enhance productivity.

Taylor's Principles

• Taylor’s approach includes evaluating tasks scientifically rather than relying on old methods, selecting suitable workers, training them properly, and planning work methods using scientific principles.
• He emphasized motion studies to improve efficiency, breaking down tasks into basic motions.

Differential Rate System

• Taylor introduced the differential rate system, rewarding more efficient workers with higher pay, though it faced backlash from workers fearing job loss.

Contributions of the Gilbreths

• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded Taylor's concepts by filming workers to analyze job tasks and improve efficiency.
• Lillian Gilbreth was notable as the first significant female contributor in management science.

Administrative Management

• Administrative management focuses on managing the entire organization rather than individual jobs.
• Key theorists include Charles Clinton Spaulding, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber.

Pioneers of Administrative Management

• Charles Clinton Spaulding: Known as the father of African-American management; proposed eight necessities of management that address authority and cooperation.
• Henri Fayol: A French industrialist who outlined the four major functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
• Max Weber: A German sociologist who supported bureaucracy, advocating for a well-defined authority structure and formal rules.

Bureaucratic Features

• Weber's bureaucratic features include a clear hierarchy, division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers, influential in shaping corporate structures like Coca-Cola.

Critique of Classical Viewpoint

• The classical viewpoint is often criticized for being too mechanistic, treating individuals as mere components rather than acknowledging human needs.

Legacy of the Classical Perspective

• Innovations such as management by objectives and goal setting emerged from the classical viewpoint, underscoring its lasting impact on management practices.