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Questions and Answers
What are the nine categories of research-based effective instructional strategies?
What are the nine categories of research-based effective instructional strategies?
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback, Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition, Cooperative Learning, Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers, Non-linguistic Representations, Summarizing and Note Taking, Assigning Homework and Providing Practice, Identifying Similarities and Differences, Generating and Testing Hypotheses.
Teachers should disregard students' prior knowledge when planning lessons.
Teachers should disregard students' prior knowledge when planning lessons.
False
What is meant by an effect size of 1.00?
What is meant by an effect size of 1.00?
An effect size of 1.00 means a 34 points percentile difference that favors students instructed under experimental conditions.
Which instructional strategy focuses on enhancing understanding of the relationship between effort and achievement?
Which instructional strategy focuses on enhancing understanding of the relationship between effort and achievement?
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Which of the following instructional strategies is NOT one of the nine categories mentioned?
Which of the following instructional strategies is NOT one of the nine categories mentioned?
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What influences student achievement significantly according to Hattie (2009)?
What influences student achievement significantly according to Hattie (2009)?
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A _____ mindset is essential in creating a favorable learning atmosphere.
A _____ mindset is essential in creating a favorable learning atmosphere.
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What are the first three instructional strategies that contribute to a positive learning environment?
What are the first three instructional strategies that contribute to a positive learning environment?
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Which instructional strategy specifically enhances students' ability to synthesize information and organize it effectively?
Which instructional strategy specifically enhances students' ability to synthesize information and organize it effectively?
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Which strategy emphasizes the importance of mental processes in understanding knowledge through comparisons?
Which strategy emphasizes the importance of mental processes in understanding knowledge through comparisons?
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What is the role of a growth mindset in creating an effective learning environment?
What is the role of a growth mindset in creating an effective learning environment?
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What instructional strategy focuses on extending learning opportunities for students to practice their knowledge?
What instructional strategy focuses on extending learning opportunities for students to practice their knowledge?
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Which of the following strategies is aimed at enhancing students' ability to reformulate their existing knowledge?
Which of the following strategies is aimed at enhancing students' ability to reformulate their existing knowledge?
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Which principle emphasizes the importance of students being aware of their own learning processes?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of students being aware of their own learning processes?
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What is the main purpose of setting objectives and providing feedback in instructional strategies?
What is the main purpose of setting objectives and providing feedback in instructional strategies?
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What does reinforcing effort and providing recognition primarily aim to address?
What does reinforcing effort and providing recognition primarily aim to address?
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How should teachers utilize students' prior knowledge in the classroom according to 21st-century teaching principles?
How should teachers utilize students' prior knowledge in the classroom according to 21st-century teaching principles?
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Which of the following best describes the meaning of an effect size greater than 1.00?
Which of the following best describes the meaning of an effect size greater than 1.00?
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Study Notes
21st Century Teaching Principles
- Skills needed in the 21st century: problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, applying knowledge, collaboration, communication, and technology literacy.
- 21st-century teaching should be guided by principles identified by Donovan and Bransford (2005):
- Build upon prior knowledge.
- Factual and conceptual knowledge is necessary for understanding.
- Students learn effectively with self-awareness of their learning process.
Effective Instructional Strategies
- Nine categories of instructional strategies identified by Marzano (1998):
- Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback: Give students clear learning goals and feedback on performance, promoting improvement.
- Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition: Emphasize the link between effort and achievement, using praise and recognition for accomplishments.
- Cooperative Learning: Encourage student interaction for learning.
- Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers: Help students retrieve, use, and organize prior knowledge.
- Non-linguistic Representations: Promote knowledge representation using mental images.
- Summarizing and Note Taking: Improve information synthesis and organization by focusing on main ideas and details.
- Assigning Homework and Providing Practice: Extend learning through practice, review, and knowledge application.
- Identifying Similarities and Differences: Develop proficiency by engaging students in identifying likenesses and differences.
- Generating and Testing Hypotheses: Improve knowledge use and understanding by engaging students in hypothesis creation and testing.
Creating a Positive Learning Environment
- Teacher-student relationships significantly impact student achievement (Hattie, 2009).
- Teachers who create positive learning environments:
- Are warm and empathetic.
- Establish a sense of community in the classroom with mutual respect.
- Promote a growth mindset where effort is emphasized, motivating students to work harder and improve self-efficacy.
Setting Objectives for a Positive Learning Environment
- Four recommendations for setting objectives:
- Specific but not restrictive objectives.
- Objectives should be clear and concise.
- Objectives should include what students will be able to do or know.
- Objectives should be relevant to the curriculum and the students' needs.
21st Century Teaching Principles
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Key skills required in the 21st century include problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, adapting to new situations, collaboration, communication, and technology literacy.
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Teachers should build upon prior knowledge, ensuring students understand both factual and conceptual knowledge.
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Students should be aware of their learning process, monitoring and reflecting on their own progress.
Nine Categories of Research-Based Instructional Strategies
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Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback: Provides students with clear learning goals and constructive feedback to improve performance.
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Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition: Emphasizes the positive impact of effort and provides acknowledgement for student achievements.
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Cooperative Learning: Encourages student interaction and collaboration to facilitate learning.
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Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers: Helps students retrieve, organize, and access prior knowledge related to a topic.
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Non-linguistic Representations: Uses visual aids and other non-verbal representations to enhance understanding and elaboration of concepts.
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Summarizing and Note Taking: Improves students' ability to synthesize information and organize it effectively.
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Assigning Homework and Providing Practice: Extends learning opportunities for students to review, practice, and apply knowledge.
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Identifying Similarities and Differences: Encourages students to compare and contrast information to develop understanding and proficiency.
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Generating and Testing Hypotheses: Promotes critical thinking by engaging students in hypothesis formation and testing.
Creating a Conducive Learning Environment
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Teacher-student relationships are crucial for student achievement.
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A positive classroom environment should be warm, empathetic, and foster a sense of community with mutual respect.
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Cultivating a "growth mindset" motivates students by emphasizing that hard work leads to achievement.
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The following strategies contribute to a positive learning environment:
- Setting objectives and providing feedback
- Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
- Cooperative learning
Effective Strategies for Developing Understanding
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Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers:
- Provide explicit clues with previews, learning outcomes, and guide questions.
- Use inferential questions that require analysis and interpretation.
- Employ analytic questions to analyze errors, support claims, and explore perspectives.
- Utilize advance organizers (e.g., expository, narrative, skimming, graphic) to introduce new content and set a purpose for learning.
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Non-linguistic Representations: Various visual aids and tools can be used to represent and elaborate on concepts.
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Summarizing and Note Taking: Effective note-taking methods help students organize and synthesize information, facilitating comprehension.
Assigning Homework and Providing Practice
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Homework should be designed to reinforce skills, practice concepts, or extend learning.
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Feedback on homework is essential.
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Homework should directly align with learning objectives and be meaningful.
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Practice sessions should be short, focused, and distributed over time.
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Frequent practice in the early stages of learning is most beneficial.
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Description
This quiz covers essential principles and instructional strategies vital for effective teaching in the 21st century. It highlights skills such as problem-solving and collaboration, and it summarizes Marzano's instructional categories. Test your understanding of these contemporary educational approaches!
