21st Century Events and War in Afghanistan
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Questions and Answers

Which event directly led to the invasion of Afghanistan by the United States and its allies in 2001?

  • The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, in the United States. (correct)
  • The formation of the Taliban and their subsequent takeover of Afghanistan.
  • The Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in the 1970s.
  • The democratic elections held in Afghanistan in 2004.

What role did the United States play in Afghanistan during the Cold War?

  • They remained neutral, providing aid to neither side in the conflict.
  • They directly intervened with their own troops to fight against the Soviet Union.
  • They provided financial and material support to rebel groups fighting against Soviet forces. (correct)
  • They actively supported the Soviet Union in their fight against the Afghan rebels.

What was the primary reason for NATO's involvement in Afghanistan, following the 9/11 attacks?

  • To help the Taliban establish a stable government.
  • To ensure the complete removal of all foreign influences from Afghanistan.
  • To track down Osama bin Laden, oust the Taliban, and combat terrorism. (correct)
  • To support the democratic elections held in Afghanistan in 2004.

In what capacity did Canada participate in the Afghanistan conflict after 2001?

<p>Canada joined the NATO coalition, deploying Canadian forces to the area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of al-Qaeda after its formation by Osama bin Laden?

<p>To fight against Western influence in the Middle East, using Afghanistan as a base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the United Nations take in response to the 9/11 attacks?

<p>They agreed that the U.S. and its allies had the right to invade Afghanistan in self-defense. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'guerillas' in the context of the war in Afghanistan?

<p>Independent armed groups fighting against government or NATO forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been Canada's ongoing role in the United Nations?

<p>Canada is the fourth largest contributor and promotes membership and peacekeeping. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the National Selective Service Act in Canada during World War II?

<p>To mobilize the country's labor resources for the benefit of the war effort. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Canada's economy change during World War II?

<p>It moved from a period of depression into an economic boom as industrial production increased. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were 'Perestroika' and 'Glasnost'?

<p>Reforms of restructuring and openness introduced in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan for the United States and the Soviet Union in 1979?

<p>It increased tensions and caused the U.S. to boycott the 1980 Olympic Games being held in Moscow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What agreement was reached to reduce the risk of nuclear war after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

<p>The establishment of a direct communication link between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and a nuclear test ban treaty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did NATO take following the September 11, 2001 attacks?

<p>It activated its collective defense article to support the United States. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Total War' refer to in the context of Canada during World War II?

<p>A policy where all of Canada's resources, industries and people were dedicated to the war effort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Berlin Wall come to symbolize during the Cold War?

<p>A symbol of the divide created by the Cold War. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Commonwealth?

<p>A voluntary organization of former British colonies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main effect of Ronald Reagan's military spending increase on the Soviet Union in the 1980s?

<p>It hurt the Soviets' ability to keep pace with the US's increased spending. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor led to the conflict in the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s?

<p>Brutal fighting among ethnic and religious groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main implication of the actions by some members of the Canadian Airborne Regiment (CAR) in Somalia?

<p>It tarnished Canada's reputation as a peacekeeper . (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for General Roméo Dallaire’s request for more troops in Rwanda?

<p>To prevent a planned genocide of the Tutsi population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda?

<p>To prosecute individuals for committing genocide and other crimes against humanity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific legal precedent was set by the Rwanda tribunal while Louise Arbour was in charge?

<p>The first conviction for crimes against humanity since 1948 UN convention on Genocide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was noted as a criticism of the International Criminal Tribunals?

<p>They moved too slowly and were too costly to be very effective. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Total War

A policy where a nation dedicates all its resources, including its people, industries, and materials, towards winning a war.

Détente

The period in the Cold War when tensions between the US and USSR relaxed.

Hot Line

A direct communication line established between the US and USSR after the Cuban Missile Crisis to prevent miscommunication and escalation.

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)

A treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union limiting the production and deployment of specific nuclear weapons.

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Cold War Heats Up

A period of increased tensions in the Cold War marked by aggressive actions and military buildups on both sides.

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Iron Curtain

The ideological and political barrier separating Western and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

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Perestroika

The Soviet Union's economic reform policies designed to increase productivity and efficiency.

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Glasnost

The Soviet Union's policy of openness aimed at increased political freedom and transparency.

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What were the 9/11 Attacks?

The September 11 attacks, also known as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of September 11, 2001.

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Who is Osama bin Laden?

Osama bin Laden was a Saudi Arabian terrorist leader who founded the militant Islamist group al-Qaeda. He was the mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks and is considered one of the most notorious terrorists in history.

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What is the Taliban?

The Taliban is a fundamentalist Islamic political and military movement that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.

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What is al-Qaeda?

Al-Qaeda is a militant Islamist organization that was founded by Osama bin Laden. It is known for its attacks on the United States, including the 9/11 attacks.

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What is the United Nations (UN)?

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote social and economic progress.

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What is NATO?

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance of North American and European countries that was formed in 1949 to counter the threat of Soviet aggression during the Cold War.

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What is a guerilla?

A guerilla is an independent armed force that fights against a government or other established authority.

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What was the War in Afghanistan?

The War in Afghanistan was a conflict fought between the United States and its allies and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021.

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What is the Commonwealth?

A voluntary organization of countries that were once British colonies.

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How did NATO respond to the 9/11 attacks?

The armed forces of NATO member countries agreed to help the United States fight terrorism after the 9/11 attacks.

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What kind of conflict is an interethnic conflict?

A type of conflict based on ethnic and religious differences within a country. Often involves violence and displacement.

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What was the UN peacekeeping force in Somalia?

A UN peacekeeping force sent to Somalia in 1992 to help stabilize the country after a civil war and famine.

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What happened in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s?

A period of instability in the 1990s during which several republics within the former Yugoslavia gained independence, leading to violence between ethnic and religious groups.

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What is the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda?

An international court established to investigate and prosecute crimes against humanity, specifically those committed during the Rwandan genocide in 1994.

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What is genocide?

The intentional killing of a large number of people from a particular ethnic group, often with the aim of eliminating them completely.

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What happened in the Persian Gulf War?

A conflict that threatened the world's oil supply, prompting military intervention by several countries, including Canada, in 1991.

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Study Notes

The 21st Century

  • September 11, 2001, four commercial flights were hijacked by terrorists. Two planes were used to destroy the Twin Towers in New York, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final one crashed into a field. Al Qaeda, and Osama Bin Laden claimed responsibility.

The War in Afghanistan

  • In the 1970s, Afghan governments were fighting a losing battle against rebels who supported an extreme interpretation of Muslim scriptures and traditions.
  • The Afghans appealed to the Soviet Union for help.
  • In the Cold War era, the US feared that Soviet success in Afghanistan would extend their influence in the Middle East.
  • The US secretly poured billions to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan.
  • One rebel group supported by the US was led by Osama Bin Laden.
  • After years of fighting, the rebels finally forced the Soviets out of Afghanistan in the late 1980s, clearing the way for the Taliban to take over the country.
  • About this time, bin Laden formed al-Qaeda. Using Afghanistan as a base, he vowed to fight Western influences in the Middle East.
  • After 9/11, Afghanistan's Taliban government refused to reveal bin Laden's hiding place.

United Nations & NATO

  • In October 2001, the United Nations agreed that the US and its allies had the right to invade Afghanistan to track down bin Laden.
  • NATO took on the job of leading the invasion force.
  • In October 2001, Canada joined the NATO coalition.

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History Review - September 11, 2001 & Afghanistan PDF

Description

This quiz explores significant events of the 21st century, focusing on the September 11 attacks and the subsequent War in Afghanistan. It highlights the role of various groups, including al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and the geopolitical implications of these conflicts. Test your knowledge on this crucial period in modern history.

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