20th Century Wars - World War I

The Moroccan Crisis exemplified imperial rivalries, where Germany attempted to incite rebellion in Morocco against France.

Militarism resulted in major military expansion and an arms race, as countries developed advanced technology like submarines and dreadnoughts.

The Schlieffen Plan was Germany's strategy to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium to prevent British assistance.

<p>The annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary in 1908 marked significant regional instability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Balkan Wars created independent nations like Albania and heightened tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alliances created a web of obligations that escalated regional conflicts into a global war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Russia supported Serbia in opposition to Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia, but ultimately had to back down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany aimed to assert its influence in the Balkans and counter Russian support for Serbia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary purpose of the Dawes Plan was to provide loans to Germany to help stabilize its economy and enable it to pay reparations to the Allies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>German industrial production increased by 50% between 1924 and 1929.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Depression led to catastrophic economic conditions in Germany, with unemployment rising to 30%, equating to 6 million Germans without jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hitler promised to stop paying reparations and to restore Germany's strength and unity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nazi ideology promoted racial purity for the Aryan race and advocated Lebensraum, or living space, for expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nazi Party rejected the democratic values of the Weimar Republic and instead sought to establish an authoritarian state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1936, conscription increased from 100,000 to 500,000 men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic instability fueled discontent in Germany, allowing Hitler to gain support for aggressive expansion policies, which led to WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany lost the Polish Corridor, the city of Danzig, and several colonies including Togoland and Cameroon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The War Guilt Clause led to deep humiliation and anger among Germans as it placed the entire blame for WWI on Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nazi-Soviet Pact secured a non-aggression agreement and divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence for Germany and the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nazi-Soviet Pact enabled Germany to invade the western part of Poland on September 1, 1939.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of territories fueled aggressive expansionism and nationalism that later influenced Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stalin viewed the Nazi-Soviet Pact as a means to regain territories lost after World War I and to strengthen Soviet defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, in response to the invasion of Poland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nazi-Soviet Pact showed that despite ideological differences, totalitarian leaders would align when territorial interests coincided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They forced Japan to surrender, thus ending the Pacific War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It blurred the lines between civilian and military, leading to mass mobilization and significant changes in societal roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was referred to as the 'Arsenal of Democracy,' where factories significantly increased the production of war materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mussolini's alignment with Germany and intervention in the Spanish Civil War promoted an aggressive expansionist vision that heightened tensions in Europe and solidified alliances critical to the outbreak of World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japan's militarist ideology, influenced by Bushido and the Emperor's divine authority, framed territorial expansion as a moral obligation essential for national survival against Western dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The founding of the United Nations and the onset of the Cold War were significant outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propaganda was used to maintain morale and encourage citizens to contribute to the war effort, such as through campaigns like 'Dig for Victory.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France, the Saar Basin to the League of Nations, parts of its territory to Poland including the Polish corridor and Danzig, and its colonies to Britain and France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The invasion of Manchuria demonstrated Japan's belief in territorial expansion as necessary for securing resources and asserting national survival against Western imperialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tripartite Pact aligned with Japan's expansionist goals by formalizing alliances with Germany and Italy, fostering a united front against Western powers and legitimizing further territorial aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The League of Nations administered the Saar Basin for 15 years, overseeing its coal output, which was allocated to France, reflecting punitive measures against Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Article 231, often referred to as the 'War Guilt Clause,' placed the blame for World War I squarely on Germany, fostering resentment and a desire for revitalization among the German people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Italy's support for Franco exemplified its fascist ideology by promoting authoritarian regimes and aiming to expand influence in Europe, thereby destabilizing the region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were motivated by the trauma of World War I, economic challenges, and fear of the growing Soviet threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Munich Agreement allowed Britain and France to cede the Sudetenland to Germany in hopes of satisfying Hitler’s territorial ambitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outcome was that Britain and France chose not to act, which emboldened Hitler's subsequent aggressive actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The policy convinced Hitler that Britain and France lacked the resolve to confront him militarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blitzkrieg, or 'lightning war', was a strategy that employed coordinated air and ground forces for swift victories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blitzkrieg was not effective in the longer battles, particularly in the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of Island Hopping was to capture specific islands while bypassing others to effectively approach Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 marked an escalation in Germany's aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Competition for colonies and resources fueled tensions between European powers, increasing the risk of war.

Complex alliance systems meant that a conflict between two countries could quickly involve many others.

Growing military power and aggressive nationalism heightened the likelihood of war.

Ethnic tensions and competing national ambitions in the Balkans created a volatile region.

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia angered Serbia and sparked rising tensions in the Balkans.

A German military plan to quickly defeat France before Russia could mobilize.

Treaty that had an influence on the Bosnian Crisis by having influenced the occupation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary.

The strong desire for national independence and self-determination among Balkan peoples.

A 1924 US plan to loan money to Germany to pay reparations to allies, who in turn paid war loans to the US.

Increased by 50% between 1924 and 1929 due to US loans.

European economies, dependent on the US stock market, collapsed with the 1929 crash, leading to huge debt and unemployment.

Reached 30% (6 million unemployed) due to economic downturn following the Great Depression.

Fueled by economic hardship; his Nazi party won the most votes in the Reichstag in 1932 by promising to end reparations.

Nazis rejected democratic values of the Weimar Republic, advocating for authoritarianism for national rebirth.

Nazi ideology of territorial expansion to provide living space for the Aryan race.

Economic instability from WWI and the Great Depression created the conditions that allowed Hitler to pursue expansionist goals like acquiring industrial regions as part of achieving Lebensraum, thereby furthering political instability, which eventually sparked WWII.

An alliance between Italy and Germany in 1936.

Italy's policy of aggressive territorial growth.

Japan's aggressive expansion driven by ideology.

Japan's 1931 invasion of Manchuria, establishing a puppet state.

1919 treaty that ended World War I, imposing harsh terms on Germany.

Region ceded to France by Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany lost territory to other countries after WWI.

Japan's goal for resource control and regional dominance.

The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 brought a devastating end to World War II, ushering in the nuclear age and reshaping global politics and military strategies.

World War II blurred the lines between civilian and military involvement, requiring the mobilization of entire societies for the war effort.

The civilian population's contribution to the war effort within their own country during World War II.

The massive industrial mobilization of the United States during World War II, producing weapons and supplies on an unprecedented scale to support the Allied war effort.

The end of World War II brought significant changes, including the founding of the United Nations and the onset of the Cold War.

A clause in the Treaty of Versailles that declared Germany solely responsible for WWI, causing resentment and contributing to Nazi rise.

The Treaty of Versailles resulted in significant German land losses, including Danzig and the Polish Corridor, which left Germany feeling humiliated and seeking revenge.

A non-aggression pact signed by Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.

The Nazi-Soviet Pact allowed Hitler to invade Poland without Soviet interference, setting the stage for World War II.

The pact had a secret protocol, which divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence, enabling their territorial gains.

Germany's desire to regain lost territories and expand under Hitler caused tensions and led to the outbreak of World War II.

The Treaty of Versailles and the Nazi-Soviet Pact, with their territorial divisions and political tensions, created a volatile international environment that ultimately triggered World War II.

A foreign policy strategy that aims to avoid conflict by giving in to an aggressor's demands, hoping to prevent further aggression. This approach was implemented by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany in the 1930s.

A diplomatic agreement in 1938 where Britain and France allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, hoping to maintain peace.

Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938 without resistance from Britain and France, further demonstrating the weakness of appeasement policy.

Hitler's increasingly aggressive actions, such as the remilitarization of the Rhineland, the annexation of Austria, and the invasion of Czechoslovakia, were not met with strong resistance, emboldening him.

A military strategy that emphasizes swift, coordinated attacks using air and ground forces to achieve quick victories. Employed effectively by Nazi Germany in the early stages of World War II.

A military strategy used by the Allies in World War II, involving capturing strategically important islands in the Pacific Ocean, one at a time, to gradually move closer to Japan.

Appeasement failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, as it did not deter Hitler's aggressive actions and ultimately convinced him that Britain and France were weak.

The appeasement policy destabilized Europe, emboldened Hitler, and ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War II.