Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the purpose of headphones during the 20th century?
What was the purpose of headphones during the 20th century?
Headphones allowed people sitting next to each other to listen to entirely different performances or share the same performance.
Name some of the influences of twentieth century music.
Name some of the influences of twentieth century music.
New freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles, forms that challenged the accepted rules of previous periods, the invention of electric instruments and the synthesizer, amplification.
Who were the first Modernists?
Who were the first Modernists?
Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, and Charles Ives.
Who were some of the composers who combined classical and jazz idioms?
Who were some of the composers who combined classical and jazz idioms?
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Who were the composers who expanded the classical palette to include more dissonant elements?
Who were the composers who expanded the classical palette to include more dissonant elements?
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Who were the composers who collected folk songs and used folk themes in many of their major compositions?
Who were the composers who collected folk songs and used folk themes in many of their major compositions?
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Who was Steve Reich?
Who was Steve Reich?
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Define Minimalism.
Define Minimalism.
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Define contemporary music.
Define contemporary music.
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Define 21st Century Classical Music.
Define 21st Century Classical Music.
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What are important influences of 21st century music?
What are important influences of 21st century music?
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How is 21st century classical music defined?
How is 21st century classical music defined?
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What do musicologists say about the contemporary music period?
What do musicologists say about the contemporary music period?
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Who describes the comparison of artificial computer language and natural language as being very instructive?
Who describes the comparison of artificial computer language and natural language as being very instructive?
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What does Richard Taruskin say about serial music?
What does Richard Taruskin say about serial music?
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Who developed the dodecaphonic (twelve-tone) system and serialism?
Who developed the dodecaphonic (twelve-tone) system and serialism?
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Who experimented with performance art?
Who experimented with performance art?
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Which two composers developed minimalism?
Which two composers developed minimalism?
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Who refers to the tonal arts as a 'fluctuating stasis'?
Who refers to the tonal arts as a 'fluctuating stasis'?
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Name a few of the musical styles in 21st century music.
Name a few of the musical styles in 21st century music.
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What musical scores is Tan Dun known for?
What musical scores is Tan Dun known for?
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Define Folk Music.
Define Folk Music.
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Who is the composer of "The Enchanted Island"?
Who is the composer of "The Enchanted Island"?
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Name a few of the composers involved with 21st century opera.
Name a few of the composers involved with 21st century opera.
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Name a folk music composer.
Name a folk music composer.
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Define Popular Music.
Define Popular Music.
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Define Chamber Opera.
Define Chamber Opera.
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List some orchestral works of the 21st century.
List some orchestral works of the 21st century.
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Study Notes
Headphones in the 20th Century
- Headphones enabled individuals to experience different music simultaneously without disturbing others.
Influences on Twentieth Century Music
- Music saw new freedoms and experimentation, challenging traditional forms.
- Electric instruments and synthesizers transformed musical creation and performance.
- Amplification broadened sound possibilities in music.
Early Modernist Composers
- Notable figures include Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, and Charles Ives, recognized for their innovative compositions.
Classical and Jazz Fusion Composers
- Darius Milhaud and George Gershwin blended classical styles with jazz elements in their works.
Composers Emphasizing Dissonance
- Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev, Paul Hindemith, Pierre Boulez, and Heitor Villa-Lobos incorporated dissonant elements into classical music.
Folk Song Collectors
- Ralph Vaughan Williams and Aaron Copland integrated folk themes into major compositions, celebrating cultural heritage.
Steve Reich's Contributions
- Known for manipulating tape recordings of spoken word, evolving into process music written for traditional instruments.
Definition of Minimalism
- Characterized by repetitive motifs and simplified musical themes, focusing on the essence of sound.
Contemporary Music Definition
- Encompasses all music created in the current era.
21st Century Classical Music
- Defined as art music in the contemporary classical tradition post-2000, distinct from historical styles.
Influences on 21st Century Music
- Diverse trends from rock, pop, jazz, and dance genres significantly shape modern compositions.
Contemporary Music Period
- Musicologists identify the contemporary music period as starting around 1945 or 1975, varying by perspective.
Walter J. Ong's Insights
- Highlights the instructive comparison between artificial computer language and natural language.
Richard Taruskin's Perspective
- Critiques serial music as shallow and lacking deeper structure, despite its complexity.
Dodecaphonic and Serialism Innovators
- Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School pioneered the twelve-tone system and serialism.
Performance Art Experimentation
- La Monte Young was known for his innovative approaches to performance art.
Minimalism Developers
- Steve Reich and Philip Glass significantly contributed to the establishment of minimalism in music.
Leonard B. Meyer on Tonal Arts
- Describes tonal arts as a "fluctuating stasis" where diverse musical styles coexist in complexity.
Musical Styles in 21st Century Music
- Includes movements like Minimalism, Post-Minimalism, New Complexity, and New Simplicity.
Tan Dun's Notable Scores
- Acclaimed for film compositions such as "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" and "Hero."
Folk Music Definition
- Represents music created by and for the people, often rooted in cultural traditions.
Jeremy Sam's Contribution
- Wrote the opera "The Enchanted Island," showcasing contemporary operatic themes.
Composers in 21st Century Opera
- John Adams, George Benjamin, Osvaldo Golijov, and others have been pivotal in modern operatic works.
Folk Music Composers
- Celebrated figures include Aaron Copland and Paul Simon, known for their contributions to folk traditions.
Popular Music Definition
- Encompasses widely popular musical styles intended for mass consumption, often disseminated via radio.
Chamber Opera Definition
- Refers to operas meant for performance by a smaller ensemble instead of a full orchestra.
Orchestral Works of the 21st Century
- Significant pieces include Johnathan Harvey's "Body Mandala" and Anna Clyne's "Night Ferry," showcasing evolving orchestral music.
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Description
Explore the evolution of music in the 20th and 21st centuries with these informative flashcards. Learn about the role of headphones, influences on music, and the experimentation that defined this era. Perfect for music enthusiasts and students alike.
