2025 Honors Midterm Review: Citizenship & Government

A type of election where registered voters gather to discuss and select a candidate. Candidates try to persuade voters through discussions and debates.

A type of election where voters cast secret ballots to choose candidates. The results directly determine who moves on to the party's convention.

An election where voters can choose candidates from different parties on their ballot.

An election where voters only choose candidates from one specific political party.

A feature on a ballot that allows voters to approve or reject a proposed law. It gives the public a chance to have a direct say in new legislation.

A political group advocating for limited government, pro-life stance, lower taxes, and often supported by the majority in the Southern states.

A political group advocating for larger government involvement, pro-choice stance, higher taxes, and often supported by more highly educated individuals.

A candidate receiving the most votes but not a majority in an election.

Third parties offer new perspectives and policies that the primary parties may not address.

Significant elections that shift the political landscape, often leading to a new political era.

A political advertisement considered the first of its kind.

A political commercial that featured a young girl counting petals and then a mushroom cloud, emphasizing the dangers of nuclear war.

The process by which a foreign-born person becomes a U.S. citizen.

A court order that requires a person to be brought before a judge to determine if their detention is legal.

A law that punishes a person for an action that was not illegal when it was committed.

A form of government where power is held by a single person who has absolute authority, often obtained through force.

A system of government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A count of the population taken every ten years. It is used to determine representation in Congress and distribute federal funds.

The belief that the government's power comes from the consent of the governed and that individuals agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order.

The agreement that created the first national government of the United States, which proved to be weak and ineffective.

The first part of the United States Constitution, introducing its purpose and principles.

The three branches of government, each with distinct powers and responsibilities, are the legislative (makes laws), executive (enforces laws), and judicial (interprets laws).

The principle that ensures no branch of government becomes too powerful by dividing authority and allowing each branch to check the actions of the others.

The clause in the Constitution that declares the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land, superseding state laws.

The 14th Amendment's concept that most of the Bill of Rights (protections for individuals) apply to the states, not just the federal government.

The clause in Article I of the Constitution, allowing Congress to make laws 'necessary and proper' to carry out its enumerated powers.

The landmark Supreme Court case that established the concept of implied powers, allowing Congress to exercise powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

The right to speak freely, publish opinions, assemble peacefully, petition the government, and express religious beliefs.

The right granted to individuals to express themselves without government interference. This includes various forms of expression such as speech, writing, art, and peaceful protest.

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. This marked a significant turning point in American history, formally eradicating the institution of slavery.

The 15th Amendment guarantees the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It extended voting rights to African American men, ensuring equal participation in the democratic process.

The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, a landmark achievement in the women's suffrage movement. It expanded political participation to include all adult citizens, regardless of gender.

The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. It was a direct result of the Vietnam War, as many eligible voters wanted to have a say in the war effort, even if they were too young to vote prior.

The Miranda warning is a legal safeguard that informs individuals of their Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination. It protects against coerced confessions and ensures that suspects understand their legal rights.

The Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. This landmark decision marked a turning point in the civil rights movement, dismantling the 'separate but equal' doctrine and paving the way for desegregation.

This Supreme Court case declared that burning the American flag is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment. It upheld the right to express dissent through symbolic acts, even when they might be considered controversial.