2023 ATAR Physics Course Examination

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Questions and Answers

Which way will the coil rotate when observed from X?

Clockwise

Calculate the magnitude of the initial torque on the coil in the position shown in the diagram.

Answer: Nm

Complete the vector diagram, showing how these two forces result in a centripetal force. Indicate where the angle θ is on your diagram.

Angle θ should be at the top of the diagram

With reference to your diagram in part (a), describe why increasing the angle of the track allows the cars to go around the same radius curve at a greater speed.

Answer: The increased angle provides a greater normal force component, which aids in providing a higher centripetal force. Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the tram.

Answer: m s–2 Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the wavelength of a photon with an energy of 1.81 keV.

Answer: m Signup and view all the answers

Calculate how far above the castle wall the ball passes.

Answer: m Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the downward force exerted on the proton by the electric field.

Answer: N Signup and view all the answers

Given that the proton does not exit the field before hitting the bottom plate, how far from the right-hand end of the bottom plate does the proton land?

Answer: m Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the velocity of the proton just before it strikes the bottom plate.Include an angle in your answer.

Answer: m/s at ° to the horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Describe how, and under what circumstances, electrons are liberated from the target by incoming photons.

Electrons are liberated from the target by incoming photons through the photoelectric effect. This occurs when photons with sufficient energy strike the metal surface, transferring their energy to electrons and allowing them to overcome the work function of the metal. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the maximum kinetic energy of the liberated electrons is experimentally determined.

The maximum kinetic energy of the liberated electrons can be determined by measuring the stopping potential in a photoelectric experiment. By varying the stopping potential until no current flows, the energy of the fastest electrons can be calculated using the equation KEmax = eVstop, where 'e' is the elementary charge and 'Vstop' is the stopping potential. Signup and view all the answers

State Lenz’s law.

Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current in a conductor is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the emf induced in the coil is not constant, even though the speed of the magnet remains constant.

The emf induced in the coil is not constant due to the changing magnetic flux linked with the coil as the magnet moves. This change in flux produces an induced current that results in varying emf, as described by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Signup and view all the answers

Using the graph, estimate the distance in kilometers to a galaxy that is receding at 4.5% of the speed of light.

Estimating from the graph, the distance to the galaxy that is receding at 4.5% of the speed of light is approximately [provide calculated value] kilometers. Signup and view all the answers

Derive an expression for d2 in terms of d1, t1 and t2.

The expression for d2 can be derived by considering the relative velocities of the signal in both frames of reference and the time taken for the signal to travel. This allows for the calculation of the distance d2 in terms of d1, t1, and t2. Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the de Broglie wavelength for a standard men's basketball traveling at 10.0 m/s.

The de Broglie wavelength can be estimated using the de Broglie wavelength equation: λ = h / p, where h is Planck's constant and p is the momentum of the basketball. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength using the given velocity of 10.0 m/s. Signup and view all the answers

Match the subatomic particles with their category and whether they are bound by the strong nuclear force:

Proton = Baryon Pion = Meson Neutrino = Lepton Muon = Lepton Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the velocity of spaceship A as measured by B. Spaceship A's velocity is 0.700 c and spaceship B's velocity is -0.700 c. Show your answer in m/s.

2.10 x 10^8 m/s Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the magnitude of the velocity of B as measured by A would be the same as the calculated velocity of A as measured by B, only in the opposite direction.

Due to the nature of relative motion, the velocities measured by observers in relative motion will always differ by the same amount, but in opposite directions. Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the duration of one second on spaceship A as measured by the observer S.

1.43 s Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the length of spaceship B as measured by A. If the previous answer was used as speed, calculate with 0.870 c.

1.17 x 10^8 m Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the radius of Curly's orbit around Stoogus, assuming Curly is a geosynchronous satellite.

2.80 x 10^7 m Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the distance between the center of mass of Mo and the center of mass of Stoogus.

5.23 x 10^9 m Signup and view all the answers

Show the mathematical relationship between a moon's orbital speed and its distance from the planet's center of mass.

v = √(GM/r) Signup and view all the answers

Identify and justify which moon of Stoogus has the greatest orbiting speed based on the derived relationship from the previous question.

Mo has the highest orbital speed due to its closest distance r to the planet's center. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the apparatus set up by the group of students?

To determine the mass per unit length of the steel wire Signup and view all the answers

Use the gradient of the line of best fit to calculate the mass per unit length of the steel wire.

8.67 kg/m Signup and view all the answers

Describe the important assumption made by the students that may have affected the accuracy of their value in the experiment.

The assumption that the steel wire obeys Hooke's Law perfectly at all stretching levels. Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the horizontal component of the reaction force of hinge T on the gate.

1250 N, Direction: Right Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the overall reaction force of hinge T on the gate, and include the angle it makes to the horizontal.

1800 N at 53.1° to the horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Discuss how the angle in the previous question would be affected if the top hinge was fixed at the top of the gate.

The angle would be 90°, as the gate would hang vertically from the top hinge. Signup and view all the answers

With reference to Figure 3 on page 35, discuss how unpolarised light can become polarised.

Unpolarised light can become polarised by passing through a polarising filter, which allows only the component of light oscillating in a specific direction to pass through. Signup and view all the answers

Define the axis of a polarising filter and describe its function.

The axis of a polarising filter is the direction of its polarization. Its function is to allow light oscillating parallel to the axis to pass through, while blocking light oscillating perpendicular to it. Signup and view all the answers

According to Malus’ Law, at what angle to the direction of polarisation of the incident light should the axis of a polarising filter be oriented in order to allow the light to pass without reduction in intensity?

0 degrees Signup and view all the answers

According to Malus’ Law, at what angle to the direction of polarisation of the incident light should the axis of a polarising filter be oriented in order to completely block the passage of the light?

90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Use Malus’ Law to calculate the angle between the direction of polarisation of the incident light and the axis of a polarising filter if the incoming light has its intensity reduced by 75.0%.

41.41 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Explain how inserting the third filter allowed light to hit the screen when no light was hitting it before.

Inserting the third filter allowed light to hit the screen by converting the light that was previously polarised in the direction blocked by the initial two filters into a direction that can now pass through. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the original light’s intensity is hitting the screen with the third filter in place?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Using the particle model of light, account for the reduction in transmitted energy when light passes through a polarising filter.

In the particle model of light, photons that are not aligned with the polarisation axis of the filter are absorbed or redirected, decreasing the overall energy transmitted through the filter. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam Structure

The examination consists of three sections: Short Response, Problem-Solving, and Comprehension
Section One: Short Response - 30% (59 Marks) - 12 questions, 50 minutes
Section Two: Problem-Solving - 50% (93 Marks) - 6 questions, 90 minutes
Section Three: Comprehension - 20% (41 Marks) - 2 questions, 40 minutes

Instructions to Candidates

Read and follow the rules for the conduct of the Western Australian external examinations
Write answers in the Question/Answer booklet using a blue/black pen
Be careful to confine answers to the specific questions asked and follow any instructions specific to a particular question
When calculating numerical answers, show working or reasoning clearly
Use supplementary pages for planning/continuing answers to questions if needed

Formulae and Data Booklet

Provided by the supervisor
Not to be handed in with the Question/Answer booklet### Detecting Fundamental Particles
Fundamental particles are extremely small and usually fast-moving, making them difficult to detect
To detect them, they are passed through a medium that records the path of their movement
New particles can be identified by their behavior
The products of collisions between known particles can also be observed

The Big European Bubble Chamber (BEBC)

Uses superheated hydrogen as a medium to detect particles
Superheated liquids are unstable and 'boil' when disturbed
Charged particles moving at high speeds cause the formation of tiny bubbles in the hydrogen
The bubbles leave a trace of the particles' trajectory, allowing their path to be observed### Particle Collisions and Bubble Chambers
In a bubble chamber, a gamma ray collides with an electron in a hydrogen atom, producing an electron and a positron
The electron from the hydrogen atom recoils, while the gamma ray loses energy and creates an electron and a positron
In a strong magnetic field, charged particles spiral in different directions and with different momenta

Pion Collisions and Particle Decay

A positive pion (π+) collides with a proton, producing a kaon (K0) and a lambda particle (Λ)
The lambda particle decays into a proton and a negative pion, while the kaon decays into a positive and a negative pion
There are three varieties of pions: +, -, and 0
The antiparticle of the positive pion is the negative pion, and the π0 is its own antiparticle

Charge Conservation

In the overall reaction, one proton and one pion are converted into one proton and five pions
Charge is conserved in the reaction, with the total charge before and after the collision remaining the same

Quark Composition of Pions

A possible quark composition of the π+ and π- particles is π+ = u.d and π- = u.d

Magnetic Field in a Bubble Chamber

The strength of the magnetic field in the bubble chamber can be estimated using the radius of the circular path of the pion and its forward velocity

Polarisation of Light

Light waves are transverse waves oscillating in all directions around the line of propagation
A polarising filter can be thought of as a series of slits that only allows waves to pass through with their electric fields oscillating in the same direction as the axis of the filter
The material of the filter consists of long chain polymers, and the electrons in these chains are free to move along the chains but not between them
The axis of the filter is perpendicular to the chains, and light waves parallel to the chains get absorbed, while those perpendicular pass through undisturbed
Malus' Law states that the intensity of the transmitted wave is proportional to the cosine squared of the angle between the direction of polarisation of the incident light and the axis of the polarising filter

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This quiz contains questions and answers from the 2023 ATAR Physics course examination. It covers various topics in physics, testing knowledge and understanding of concepts.

2023 ATAR Physics Course Examination

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Questions and Answers

Which way will the coil rotate when observed from X?

Calculate the magnitude of the initial torque on the coil in the position shown in the diagram.

Complete the vector diagram, showing how these two forces result in a centripetal force. Indicate where the angle θ is on your diagram.

With reference to your diagram in part (a), describe why increasing the angle of the track allows the cars to go around the same radius curve at a greater speed.

Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the tram.

Calculate the wavelength of a photon with an energy of 1.81 keV.

Calculate how far above the castle wall the ball passes.

Calculate the downward force exerted on the proton by the electric field.

Given that the proton does not exit the field before hitting the bottom plate, how far from the right-hand end of the bottom plate does the proton land?

Calculate the velocity of the proton just before it strikes the bottom plate.Include an angle in your answer.

Describe how, and under what circumstances, electrons are liberated from the target by incoming photons.

Discuss how the maximum kinetic energy of the liberated electrons is experimentally determined.

State Lenz’s law.

Explain why the emf induced in the coil is not constant, even though the speed of the magnet remains constant.

Using the graph, estimate the distance in kilometers to a galaxy that is receding at 4.5% of the speed of light.

Derive an expression for d2 in terms of d1, t1 and t2.

Estimate the de Broglie wavelength for a standard men's basketball traveling at 10.0 m/s.

Match the subatomic particles with their category and whether they are bound by the strong nuclear force:

Calculate the velocity of spaceship A as measured by B. Spaceship A's velocity is 0.700 c and spaceship B's velocity is -0.700 c. Show your answer in m/s.

Explain why the magnitude of the velocity of B as measured by A would be the same as the calculated velocity of A as measured by B, only in the opposite direction.

Calculate the duration of one second on spaceship A as measured by the observer S.

Calculate the length of spaceship B as measured by A. If the previous answer was used as speed, calculate with 0.870 c.

Calculate the radius of Curly's orbit around Stoogus, assuming Curly is a geosynchronous satellite.

Calculate the distance between the center of mass of Mo and the center of mass of Stoogus.

Show the mathematical relationship between a moon's orbital speed and its distance from the planet's center of mass.

Identify and justify which moon of Stoogus has the greatest orbiting speed based on the derived relationship from the previous question.

What was the purpose of the apparatus set up by the group of students?

Use the gradient of the line of best fit to calculate the mass per unit length of the steel wire.

Describe the important assumption made by the students that may have affected the accuracy of their value in the experiment.

Calculate the horizontal component of the reaction force of hinge T on the gate.

Calculate the overall reaction force of hinge T on the gate, and include the angle it makes to the horizontal.

Discuss how the angle in the previous question would be affected if the top hinge was fixed at the top of the gate.

With reference to Figure 3 on page 35, discuss how unpolarised light can become polarised.

Define the axis of a polarising filter and describe its function.

According to Malus’ Law, at what angle to the direction of polarisation of the incident light should the axis of a polarising filter be oriented in order to allow the light to pass without reduction in intensity?

According to Malus’ Law, at what angle to the direction of polarisation of the incident light should the axis of a polarising filter be oriented in order to completely block the passage of the light?

Use Malus’ Law to calculate the angle between the direction of polarisation of the incident light and the axis of a polarising filter if the incoming light has its intensity reduced by 75.0%.

Explain how inserting the third filter allowed light to hit the screen when no light was hitting it before.

What percentage of the original light’s intensity is hitting the screen with the third filter in place?

Using the particle model of light, account for the reduction in transmitted energy when light passes through a polarising filter.

Study Notes

Exam Structure

Instructions to Candidates

Formulae and Data Booklet

The Big European Bubble Chamber (BEBC)

Pion Collisions and Particle Decay

Charge Conservation

Quark Composition of Pions

Magnetic Field in a Bubble Chamber

Polarisation of Light

Studying That Suits You

Description

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