10 Questions
What are points of difference, as described by Kotler and Keller?
Attributes or benefits consumers associate with a brand that are not found in competing brands
What are points of parity, according to Kotler and Keller?
Associations essential to a legitimate offering within a product category
In competition-focused positioning, what might competitive points-of-difference positioning aim to do?
Negate competitors' unique features
How can a company develop a positioning statement?
By filling in blanks related to target audience, desired behavior, and brand attributes
Why is it important for companies to agree on positioning statements?
To unify and strengthen decision-making across teams
Which statements would competitive points-of-difference positioning most likely focus on?
Negating competitors' unique attributes
What is the purpose of establishing points of difference in marketing?
To highlight unique brand attributes not found elsewhere
Which marketing concept describes associations which are not unique but essential for a product or service category?
Points of parity
What should a bank at least offer to be considered a bank, according to the text?
Access to ATM machines and online banking services
Why is it important for marketing teams to work together on developing a positioning statement?
To unify efforts and strengthen decision-making
Study Notes
Social Marketing Positioning
- Natural yard care practices, such as pulling weeds versus spraying them, can be positioned as ways to ensure the health of children and pets.
- Moderate physical activity, like raking leaves and taking the stairs, can be positioned as a manageable part of daily routine.
- Reading to children for 20 minutes each night can be positioned as a way to help them succeed in school.
Competition-Focused Positioning
- This approach is useful when the target audience finds competitors' offers appealing and the brand's offer is seen as a pain.
- Examples include positioning abstinence as postponing sex, rather than "no sex," and highlighting the gross, realistic, and shocking consequences of tobacco use.
Types of Positioning
- Behavior-Focused Positioning: highlights the target adopter behavior, such as preparing for emergencies and disasters in three ways.
- Barriers-Focused Positioning: helps overcome or minimize perceived barriers, such as concern about self-efficacy, fear, or high costs, like positioning quit lines as hopeful and encouraging.
- Benefit-Focused Positioning: emphasizes the "what's in it for me" factor, such as positioning mammograms as "early detection" for treatment before it spreads.
Developing Competitive Advantage
- Marketers focus on creating competitive superiority by highlighting key benefits and costs that will be avoided by adopting the desired behavior.
- A positioning statement can be developed by filling in the blanks: "We want [target audience] to see [desired behavior] as [adjectives, descriptive phrases, set of benefits, or why the desired behavior is better than competing behaviors]."
Points of Difference and Parity
- Points of difference are attributes or benefits strongly associated with a brand that cannot be found with a competing brand.
- Points of parity are associations considered essential to a legitimate offering within a product or service category, but not unique to the brand.
- Competitive points-of-difference positioning might work to negate the competitors' points of difference.
Test your knowledge on social marketing concepts such as natural yard care practices, moderate physical activity, reading habits for children, and competition-focused positioning. Explore how these concepts are used to promote health, education, and other social causes.
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