31 Questions
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which drug may be fatal if administered intravenously?
Procaine penicillin
Which generation of cephalosporins can easily penetrate the blood brain barrier?
Third
Which penicillin is an anti-Staphylococcus drug?
Dicloxacillin
Which of the following drugs is used to treat shingles and genital herpes?
Topical aciclovir
What is the drug target for aciclovir?
Viral thymidine kinase
Which of the following drugs need to be phosphorylated 3 times?
Ganciclovir
What is the influenza drug target for zanamivir?
Neuraminidase
Which drug target does sulfadoxine inhibit in protozoa?
Dihydropteroate synthetase
How does the HIV drug nevirapine act?
Becoming phosphorylated three times
Which of the following HIV drugs changes the conformation of HIV reverse transcriptase?
Enfuvirtide
Which of the following drugs treats shingles and genital herpes?
A. Topical aciclovir
Which enzyme is the drug target for aciclovir?
C. Viral thymidine kinase
Which of the following drugs need to be phosphorylated 3 times?
D. Ganciclovir
Which of the following is the influenza drug target for zanamivir?
C. Neuraminidase
Which of the following hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals inhibits the viral RNA polymerase?
E. NS5B inhibitors
Which of the following is a NUCLEOTIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug?
C. Tenofovir
In treating HIV, which THREE outcomes occur when a NRTI drug becomes phosphorylated?
B. It causes viral DNA chain termination
Select any of the following that are FALSE about NNRTIs such as nevirapine, efavirenz and etravirine.
A. They require phosphorylation to the active form
HIV protease inhibitors block viral
B. Maturation
Which HIV drug binds to the chemokine co-receptor 5 (CCR5) located on the surface of some immune cells?
D. Maraviroc
Which of the following drugs is used to treat tuberculosis and affects arabinogalactan?
Ethambutol
Which drug target does rifampicin inhibit in bacteria?
Haem polymerase
Which of the following is a DNA virus?
Herpes
Which of the following drugs is used to treat Herpes simplex virus but not cytomegalovirus?
Foscarnet
After a Gram stain, what features of the cells should you talk about?
2 possible shapes; 2 possible colours
Which of the following drugs is used to treat shingles and acute chickenpox?
Valaciclovir
Which of the following drugs need to be phosphorylated three times?
Aciclovir
Which of the following drugs binds to interferon receptors on human immune cells?
Foscarnet
Which of the following drugs blocks DNA polymerase directly without being phosphorylated?
Foscarnet
Which of the following drugs is used to treat HIV and changes the conformation of HIV reverse transcriptase?
Enfuvirtide
Study Notes
Bacterial Meningitis and Antibiotics
- The most common cause of bacterial meningitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Chloramphenicol is a drug that may be fatal if administered intravenously.
Cephalosporins and Penicillins
- Third-generation cephalosporins can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
- Methicillin is a penicillin that is an anti-Staphylococcus drug.
Antiviral Drugs
- Aciclovir is used to treat shingles and genital herpes, and its drug target is viral DNA polymerase.
- Aciclovir needs to be phosphorylated three times to be active.
- Zanamivir targets the influenza virus neuraminidase enzyme.
HIV Treatment
- Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that acts by changing the conformation of HIV reverse transcriptase.
- When NRTI drugs become phosphorylated, three outcomes occur: the drug becomes an active form, it inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase, and it gets incorporated into the viral DNA.
- NNRTIs such as nevirapine, efavirenz, and etravirine bind to HIV reverse transcriptase, altering its conformation and inhibiting its activity.
Other Antiviral and Antibiotic Drugs
- Sofosbuvir is a hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral that inhibits the viral RNA polymerase.
- Maraviroc is an HIV drug that binds to the chemokine co-receptor 5 (CCR5) located on the surface of some immune cells.
- Ethambutol is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and affects arabinogalactan.
- Rifampicin inhibits the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Virology
- Herpes simplex virus is a DNA virus.
- Valaciclovir is used to treat Herpes simplex virus but not cytomegalovirus.
Microbiology
- After a Gram stain, the features of the cells to discuss are their shape, size, and Gram reaction.
- Interferon is a drug that binds to interferon receptors on human immune cells.
Test your knowledge on the 2009PHM EOM Infection Revision Quiz with 50 questions. Learn about topics such as HIV drug nevirapine and its mechanism of action. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of infections.
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