Untitled Quiz

Pervasive Computing: Computers are deeply integrated into our daily lives.
Ubiquitous Computing: Information processing and communication are embedded in our surroundings.
Basic Computer Literacy: Understanding basic computer functions and concepts.
Early Computers (Pre-1980s): Large, costly, and exclusive, primarily used for high-volume processing.
Microcomputers (1980s): Affordable, personal computers, increased use and accessibility.
Convergence of Devices: Electronic devices merging into multi-functional units.
Fundamental Computer Operations:
- Input: Entering data into the computer.
- Processing: Performing operations on data.
- Output: Presenting results to the user.
- Storage: Storing data for future use.
- Communication: Sending or receiving data.
Data & Information:
- Data: Raw, unorganized facts, in various formats (text, graphics, audio, video).
- Information: Processed data, transformed into meaningful information.

First Generation (1946-1957):
- Large, used vacuum tubes, consumed lots of electricity, generated high heat.
- Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC.
Second Generation (1958-1963):
- Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, resulting in smaller, more powerful, cheaper, and efficient computers.
- Used punch cards and magnetic tape for data input and storage.
Fifth Generation (Present):
- In its early stages, focusing on artificial intelligence (AI), voice and touch input.
- Potential use of nanotechnology and optical computers.

Hardware: Physical components of a computer.
Internal Hardware: Located inside the system unit.
External Hardware: Located outside the system unit, can be wired or wireless.
Input Devices: Used to input data into the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).
Processing Devices: Perform calculations and control computer operations.
- GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Handles graphics-intensive tasks.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer, responsible for processing instructions.
- RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage for data the computer is actively using.
Output Devices: Display results to the user (e.g., monitor, speakers, projector).
Storage Devices: Store data for long-term use.
- CD/DVD: Optical storage media.
- Solid State Drive (SSD): Fast and durable storage.
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional magnetic storage.
- Flash Drive/USB/Pen Drive: Portable storage.
- Tape, Floppy Disk: Older storage technologies.
Communication Devices: Enables data transfer between devices or networks.
- Modem: Connects to the internet.
- Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows a device to connect to a network.
- Wireless Access Point: Provides wireless internet access.

Embedded Computers: Built into products, perform specific tasks (e.g., household appliances, handheld devices).
Mobile Devices: Small, portable devices with built-in computing and internet capabilities.
Personal Computers: Used by a single individual.
- Desktop Computers: Stationary computers designed for use on a desk.
- Portable Computers: Designed for on-the-go use.
Thin Client: Low-cost, network-dependent computers with limited functionality (e.g., web browsing, email).
Internet Appliance: Specialized computer designed for internet access.
Tech Clothing: Clothing designed to carry and use devices.
Servers: Mid-sized computers that host programs and data for a network.
Virtualization: Creates virtual environments to improve efficiency and resource utilization.
Mainframe Computers: Powerful computers used by large organizations for data management.
Supercomputers: The fastest, most powerful, and expensive computers, designed for complex calculations and scientific research.

Computer Network: A collection of interconnected devices.
Network Servers: Manage resources on a network.
Types of Networks:
- Home Network: Connects devices within a home.
- Public Wireless Network: Provides wireless internet access in public areas.
- Mobile Telephone Network: Provides cellular phone communication.
- School and Small Office Network: Connects devices in a school or small office.
- Large Corporations: Connect devices across multiple locations.

Internet: The largest, most well-known computer network worldwide.
Internet Service Provider (ISP): Provides internet access to users.
World Wide Web (WWW): Collection of web pages accessed via the internet.
Internet Addresses:
- IP Address: Numeric address used to identify devices.
- Domain Name: Alphanumeric address, more human-readable (e.g., google.com).
- Top-Level Domains (TLDs): Suffixes of domain names (e.g., .com, .org, .net).