Untitled Quiz
24 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What role do transmembrane proteins primarily play in the plasma membrane?

  • They block the transport of all substances into the cell.
  • They serve as anchors for cytoskeletal components.
  • They act as structural support for the membrane.
  • They facilitate the passage of ions and molecules across the membrane. (correct)

Which characteristic is unique to porins compared to other transmembrane proteins?

  • Porins interact directly with the cytoskeleton.
  • Porins only transport small uncharged molecules.
  • Porins are exclusively found in gram-positive bacteria.
  • Porins form barrels that create channels in the membrane. (correct)

During the process of intracellular signaling, receptors in the plasma membrane perform which vital function?

  • They provide mechanical support to the cell.
  • They degrade excess proteins.
  • They detect and respond to chemical signals in the environment. (correct)
  • They facilitate the transport of nutrients into the cell.

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Modify, sort, and package proteins for secretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscopy is commonly used to locate proteins within a cell?

<p>Confocal Microscopy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which experiment can be used to study the dynamics of proteins in a membrane?

<p>FRAP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is characteristic of integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer?

<p>Hydrophobic regions that interact with the lipid tail. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter range of cisternae within the Golgi apparatus?

<p>0.5 - 1 μm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT characteristic of collagen as mentioned in the content?

<p>It is soluble in water and easily diffuses through cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of integrins in the context of the extracellular matrix?

<p>To facilitate adhesion between cells and the ECM. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the glycine-proline-hydroxyproline motif in collagen?

<p>It contributes to the unique triple helix structure of collagen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ECM molecule is primarily responsible for providing volume and facilitating the diffusion of molecules?

<p>Proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a defect in the integrin cytosolic domain β subunit?

<p>Increased risk of hemorrhage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about laminin is true?

<p>It has a cross-shaped structure and is multiadhesive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of proteins is involved in the modulation of cell adhesion to the ECM?

<p>Integrins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix?

<p>To bind cell surfaces to collagen and proteoglycans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

<p>The cytoskeleton stabilizes the cell shape and facilitates intracellular transport. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of motor proteins in relation to the cytoskeleton?

<p>To facilitate the movement of cargo along cytoskeletal filaments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microtubules dynamically change within the cell?

<p>They exhibit dynamic instability, rapidly growing and shrinking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes clathrin-coated vesicles?

<p>They are solely responsible for endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature distinguishes the plasma membrane?

<p>It consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components contribute to the hydrophilic nature of membrane proteins?

<p>Charged sugar molecules attached to proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is known to play a crucial role in membrane fluidity?

<p>Cholesterol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines integral membrane proteins?

<p>They are amphipathic and span the membrane structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydrophobic molecules

Non-polar molecules that do not dissolve in water.

Amphipathic molecules

Molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Phospholipids

Main components of biological membranes, composed of fatty acid chains and a phosphate group.

Fatty acids

Chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group, can be saturated or unsaturated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Steroids

Amphipathic molecules with a hydrocarbon structure and four rings, abundant in eukaryotic membranes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological membranes

Form organized structures (e.g., micelles, bilayers) in water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Membrane proteins

Proteins embedded in biological membranes that have diverse functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Extracellular matrix

The material outside the cell that provide structure and support for cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Integral Proteins

Membrane proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peripheral Proteins

Membrane proteins on one side of the lipid bilayer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Porins

Transmembrane proteins that form channels for substances like disaccharides and phosphates to pass through membranes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Apparatus

A cellular organelle that processes and packages proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cisternae

Flattened sacs in the Golgi Apparatus that collectively form the organelle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SDS-PAGE

Technique for separating proteins based on their size.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Western Blotting

Technique for detecting specific proteins in a sample.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collagen

A fibrous protein found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues. It's the most abundant protein in the body and forms strong fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that surrounds cells, providing support and influencing cell behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Integrins

Cell surface proteins that mediate adhesion between cells and the ECM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Platelets

Small cellular fragments in blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Basal lamina

A specialized layer of the ECM, located beneath epithelial cells, acting as a filter and structural support.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell-ECM adhesion

The process by which cells bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fibronectin

A protein in the ECM that helps cells attach to the matrix.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Exam Final 2024

  • Subjects: Plasma Membrane, Golgi, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, Stem Cell, Apoptosis.

Plasma Membrane

  • Structure: Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
  • Components: Phospholipids (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads), proteins (integral and peripheral), and cholesterol.
  • Fluid mosaic model: Describes the membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer.
  • Amphipathic molecules: Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
  • Fatty acids: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are components of phospholipids, affecting membrane fluidity.
    • Saturated: without double bonds.
    • Unsaturated: with at least one double bond.

Golgi Apparatus

  • Structure: Stacked flattened membrane-enclosed sacs (cisternae).
  • Cis face: Receiving end of the Golgi, vesicles arrive from ER.
  • Trans face: Secretory end of the Golgi, mature products leave via vesicles.
  • Medial cisternae: In between Cis and Trans faces, contains enzymes involved in protein modification.
  • Polarity: Organization of the Golgi with specific enzymes localized in different cisternae.
  • Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

Cytoskeleton

  • Components: Actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments.
  • Actin filaments: Helical polymers of actin protein, important for cell movement, shape, and contractility.
    • Diameter: 7 nm
  • Microtubules: Long, hollow, cylindrical polymers of tubulin protein, involved in intracellular transport, cilia, and flagella.
    • Diameter: 25 nm (diameter of single microtubule)
  • Intermediate filaments: Rope-like polymers of different protein types, provide mechanical strength and support to cells.
    • Diameter: 10 nm
  • Polarity: Actin and Tubulin filaments have + and - ends.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

  • Components: Collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin.
  • Collagen: A strong fibrous protein providing structural support and strength to tissues.
  • Proteoglycans: Attached to glycosaminoglycans, are part of the ECM, and provide cushioning and structural support.
  • Fibronectin: A glycoprotein that mediates cell-ECM interactions and cell migration.

Stem Cell/Apoptosis

  • Stem Cell: Unspecialized cells that can self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types.
  • Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, a normal process in development and tissue homeostasis with a certain morphological characteristics.
    • Necrosis: Unprogrammed cell death, usually result in inflammation, release of cellular contents.

Other Components

  • Steroids: Amphipathic, important structural components of eukaryotic cell membranes, e.g., cholesterol.
  • Glycoproteins/Glucolipids: Carbohydrates attached to proteins/lipids, increase hydrophilicity and may play roles in interactions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Review Exam Final Cell Biology 2024 PDF

More Like This

Untitled Quiz
6 questions

Untitled Quiz

AdoredHealing avatar
AdoredHealing
Untitled Quiz
37 questions

Untitled Quiz

WellReceivedSquirrel7948 avatar
WellReceivedSquirrel7948
Untitled Quiz
18 questions

Untitled Quiz

RighteousIguana avatar
RighteousIguana
Untitled Quiz
48 questions

Untitled Quiz

StraightforwardStatueOfLiberty avatar
StraightforwardStatueOfLiberty
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser