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Questions and Answers
What are the two main categories in which all living cells are classified?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which organisms are typically categorized as prokaryotes?
Which type of cell can be both single-celled and multicellular?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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Which type of cell encodes genetic information in DNA?
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Which category of cells includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists?
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What defines the boundaries of a living cell?
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Which domain do prokaryotic cells belong to?
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Which type of cell is typically single-celled?
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Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic single-celled organism?
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What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding genetic information?
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Which of the following are not considered eukaryotic cells?
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What is the shape of DNA in Prokaryotes?
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Where is the DNA located in Prokaryotes?
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What do Prokaryotes lack in terms of organelles?
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How do Prokaryotes reproduce?
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What is the shape of DNA in Eukaryotes?
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Where is the DNA located in Eukaryotes?
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What are the two processes involved in cell division for Eukaryotes?
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What is the method of reproduction in Eukaryotes?
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What is the method of reproduction in Prokaryotes?
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What is the typical size range of bacterial cells?
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Which type of bacteria can measure up to 60 μm in length?
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What term is used to describe bacteria that can have varying shapes in a single culture?
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What shape is associated with the term "coccus"?
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How is the arrangement "tetrads" characterized?
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What is the result of division in three planes for cocci bacteria?
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How do bacilli bacteria divide?
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What is the term for random division in grapelike clusters?
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Which type of bacteria can only divide in one plane?
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What is the term used to describe bacteria shaped like a Rod-shaped?
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What term is used to describe rigid wavy-shaped spiral bacteria?
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What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?
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Which structure lies outside the cell membrane?
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What is the composition of peptidoglycan?
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What is the additional molecule found in the cell wall of G+ve bacteria?
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Which type of bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan?
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What forms the outermost layer of the cell wall of G-ve bacteria?
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Why are G-ve bacteria less sensitive to many antibiotics?
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What attaches the outer membrane to peptidoglycan in G-ve bacteria?
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What is the function of 'porins' in the outer membrane?
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Which type of bacteria has an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides?
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Which structure is considered one of the reasons why G-ve bacteria are less sensitive to many antibiotics?
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What are Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) also known as?
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What is the function of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in bacterial cells?
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What is the integral part of the outer membrane of bacterial cells?
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What is the role of Lipid A in G-ve bacteria?
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What is the function of the Periplasmic space?
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Which type of bacteria is more likely to have a well-observed Periplasmic space?
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What is the main function of transport proteins in the Periplasmic space?
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How do antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins control bacteria?
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Which enzyme in tears and other body fluids digests peptidoglycan?
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What distinguishes Mycoplasma from other bacteria in terms of cell wall?
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How do Mycoplasma protect themselves from osmotic swelling and bursting?
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What are wall-deficient bacteria strains that lose the ability to form a cell wall called?
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How can bacteria lose the ability to form a cell wall and become L-forms?
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What role do L-forms play in diseases?
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What is the function of the cell membrane in bacterial cells?
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What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?
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What is the structure of the cell membrane bilayer?
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Which component is responsible for adding rigidity to the cell membrane in Mycoplasma?
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How is the fluid mosaic model described?
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How does some antimicrobial kill bacteria by affecting the cell membrane?
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What is the role of proteins in the cell membrane?
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In addition to phospholipids and proteins, what does Mycoplasma have in its cell membrane for added rigidity?
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What are some of the functions performed by the cell membrane in bacteria that are similar to those carried out by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
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Which antimicrobial agents kill bacteria by causing leaks in the cell membrane?
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What is the composition of cytoplasm in bacterial cells?
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Where do most anabolic and catabolic reactions occur in bacterial cells?
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What is the function of ribosomes in bacterial cells?
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How is the size of ribosomes and their subunits determined?
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What is the composition of a whole bacterial ribosome?
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What is the nuclear region in bacterial cells?
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What are plasmids in bacterial cells?
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What is sporulation in bacterial cells?
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What are the main components of a bacterial spore?
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What is the role of dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores?
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How long can bacterial endospores survive in adverse environmental conditions?
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What triggers the germination of bacterial endospores?
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What is the composition of a flagellum?
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What is the function of a flagellum in bacterial cells?
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How is the flagellum attached in the cell membrane?
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What is a bacteria with a single polar flagellum called?
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In which type of bacteria are flagella located at both ends?
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What is chemotaxis?
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What is the term for movement away from a repellent?
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How do bacteria detect changes in concentration for chemotaxis?
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What is the special type of flagella in spirochetes called?
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What is the composition of pili?
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What is the function of conjugation pili?
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How does attachment pili contribute to pathogenicity?
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What is glycocalyx composed of?
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What is the purpose of a capsule in certain bacteria?
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What is the main function of a slime layer?
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What are microbial biofilms?
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What is dental plaque an example of?
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How do biofilms affect bacterial resistance to antimicrobials?
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What percentage of chronic human infections are estimated to be implicated with biofilms?
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