Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following defines hypothesis? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following defines hypothesis? (Select all that apply)
- Means of explaining social phenomena
- Idea that proves a theory
- Way of looking at the world
- Tentative explanation (correct)
William James was the ________.
William James was the ________.
first American psychologist
Critical thinking is ________.
Critical thinking is ________.
applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
Psychology refers to the ________.
Psychology refers to the ________.
________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
What is a PsyD?
What is a PsyD?
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.
Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?
Char is ________.
Char is ________.
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.
Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the CDC.
Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the CDC.
I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.
Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?
Which of the following does not influence perception?
Which of the following does not influence perception?
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
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Study Notes
Theoretical Foundations of Psychology
- Hypothesis: A tentative explanation, fundamental to scientific inquiry.
- William James: Recognized as the first American psychologist, author of seminal texts, emphasizing functionalism in psychology.
- Critical Thinking: Involves applying skills to assess and understand information critically, rather than merely accepting it.
Behaviorism and Key Figures
- John Watson: Prominent behaviorist focused on observable behaviors, diminishing the role of unobservable mental processes.
- Purpose of Psychology: William James believed it should study the function of behavior rather than mere structure.
- Behaviorism: Seeks to make psychology an objective science by emphasizing overt behavior over internal mental states.
Psychological Perspectives
- Humanism: A perspective that highlights the innate potential for good in every person, contrasting with other psychological schools.
- Cognitive Revolution: Shifted focus toward understanding mental processes, influencing modern psychology.
Specializations and Concepts
- PsyD: Stands for Doctor of Psychology, emphasizing practical skill in psychological practice.
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Focuses on enhancing workplace environments and productivity.
- Developmental psychology: Jean Piaget's work exemplifies studying cognitive and social development over the lifespan.
Personality and Traits
- Openness Trait: Individuals who are conventional and prefer routine score low on this trait.
- Extroversion Trait: Reserved individuals with low sociability and energy are characterized by low extroversion.
- Neuroticism: Individuals exhibiting calmness and security tend to score low on this emotional stability trait.
Research in Psychology
- Oona's Research: Conducting studies on workplace productivity falls under industrial-organizational psychology.
- Postdoctoral Training: Opportunities for advanced research experience post-PhD, particularly with organizations like the CDC.
Behavior Modification Techniques
- Operant Conditioning: Involves using rewards (positive reinforcement) and punishments to shape behavior.
Influential Theorists
- Carl Rogers: Influential in shaping psychotherapy practices through his humanistic approach.
- Abraham Maslow: Also significant in humanistic psychology, known for the Hierarchy of Needs.
Feminist Psychology Critique
- Male Bias: Critique of traditional psychology for its male-centric focus, stressing the need for inclusivity in research and practice.
Perception and Health Models
- Perception Influences: Previous experiences and cultural background significantly shape our perception.
- Biopsychosocial Model: Emphasizes that health is determined by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
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