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Questions and Answers

What is dermatology?

The study of bones

The study of skin, its structure, functions, diseases, and treatments (correct)

The study of hair

The study of the heart

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin

What function does the skin serve in terms of sensation?

Feelings generated by nerve endings that make you aware of heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure.

What does secretion in skin refer to?

The skin secretes sebum, a mixture that keeps it soft and serves as a protective barrier. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the skin regarding absorption?

The skin permits certain substances like water and oxygen to pass through its tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What does the skin help regulate?

The body's temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What protects the body from outside particles?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid mantle?

A protective layer on the skin that prevents dirt from entering and keeps the skin from drying. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is the outermost?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of cell found in the stratum germinativum?

Melanocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are sudoriferous glands?

Sweat glands that help regulate body temperature and excrete waste. Signup and view all the answers

What skin type is characterized by an all-over shiny look?

Oily skin Signup and view all the answers

What is eczema?

An inflammatory disorder of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Milia are also known as whiteheads.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for razor bumps?

Pseudofolliculitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the causes of diseases called?

Etiology Signup and view all the answers

Match the skin conditions with their descriptions:

Impetigo = Highly contagious bacterial infection with honey-yellow crusted lesions. Furuncles = Also known as boils, caused by an acute bacterial infection. Rosacea = Chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose. Seborrhea = Condition caused by excessive secretion of sebaceous glands. Signup and view all the answers

Chronic skin conditions are identified by frequent and ________ symptoms.

habitual Signup and view all the answers

The skin has three main layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and _________.

Subcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary types of facial masks?

Clay/Mud, Cream, Gel, Modeling, and Paraffin Signup and view all the answers

What skin condition is characterized by patches of white skin without pigment?

Vitiligo Signup and view all the answers

What causes skin tags?

They are small elevated growths of skin, often benign. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dermatology and Skin Overview

Dermatology is the study of the skin, including its structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.
Skin is the largest organ in the body, providing protection against environmental factors.
Sensation in the skin alerts the body to heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure through nerve endings.

Skin Functions

Secretion: Skin produces sebum, which keeps it soft and serves as a barrier against bacteria.
Absorption: Permits the passage of substances like water and oxygen.
Regulation: Maintains body temperature.
Protection: Shields against heat, cold, and bacteria.
Excretion: Eliminates sweat, salt, and wastes, removing toxins.

Skin Composition

The skin consists of three main layers:
- Epidermis: Outermost layer, contains no blood vessels, with five sublayers including Stratum Germinativum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum.
- Dermis: Composed of connective tissues, contains collagen and elastin, gives skin its elasticity.
- Subcutaneous: Fatty tissue below the dermis, acts as a shock absorber and supports delicate structures.

Skin Layers and Cell Function

Epidermis:
- Stratum Germinativum: Lowest layer where skin cells grow and melanocytes produce melanin.
- Stratum Spinosum: Contains spine-like cells that distribute melanin.
- Stratum Granulosum: Cells appear granular and nearing the skin surface.
- Stratum Lucidum: Found only in palms and soles, consists of flattened squamous cells.
- Stratum Corneum: Toughest layer, composed of keratin cells that are continuously shed and replaced.

Glandular Functions

Sudoriferous Glands: Sweat glands controlling temperature and excreting waste.
Sebaceous Glands: Oil glands that connect with hair follicles; produce sebum to maintain skin hydration.
Sebum: A complex mixture of oily substances that protects and moisturizes skin.

Skin Types and Conditions

Four basic skin types: dry, oily, normal, and combination.
Dry Skin: Characterized by peeling and flaking.
Oily Skin: Shiny appearance and enlarged pores.
Normal Skin: Healthy color and texture, few blemishes.
Combination Skin: Shiny T-zone with dryness in other areas.

Skin Disorders and Lesions

Allergy: Sensitivity leading to symptoms like itching and swelling.
Inflammation: Redness, pain, and increased temperature.
Contagious Disease: Can spread through contact.
Lesions: Abnormal changes in skin structure, categorized as primary (e.g., macules, papules, vesicles) and secondary (e.g., scales, scars).

Pigmentation Abnormalities

Melanoderma: Hyperpigmentation from melanocyte overactivity.
Chloasma: Brownish macules in one area.
Leukoderma: Hypopigmentation due to reduced melanocyte activity.
Albinism: Lack of melanin production.
Vitiligo: Irregular patches of white skin.

Acne: Common chronic inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands.
Furuncles: Boils caused by bacterial infection in dermis.
Carbuncles: Clusters of furuncles.
Anhidrosis: Lack of perspiration needing medical attention.
Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating requiring medical attention.

Skin Care Techniques

Proper skin care includes a balanced diet, hydration, exercise, rest, and professional treatments.
Massage Techniques:
- Effleurage: Gentle stroking movements.
- Petrissage: Kneading to stimulate muscles and circulation.
- Tapotement: Tapping or slapping movements.
- Friction: Circular motions with no gliding.
- Vibration: Shaking movements with contact.

Facial Treatments

Facial Masks: Provide hydration, pore tightening, and oil reduction.
- Types include clay/mud, cream, gel, modeling, and paraffin masks, each suited for different skin types.