Questions and Answers
What is dermatology?
What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
What function does the skin serve in terms of sensation?
Feelings generated by nerve endings that make you aware of heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure.
What does secretion in skin refer to?
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What is the role of the skin regarding absorption?
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What does the skin help regulate?
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What protects the body from outside particles?
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What is the acid mantle?
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Which layer of the skin is the outermost?
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What is the primary type of cell found in the stratum germinativum?
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What are sudoriferous glands?
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What skin type is characterized by an all-over shiny look?
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What is eczema?
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Milia are also known as whiteheads.
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What is the medical term for razor bumps?
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What is the study of the causes of diseases called?
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Match the skin conditions with their descriptions:
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Chronic skin conditions are identified by frequent and ________ symptoms.
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The skin has three main layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and _________.
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What are the primary types of facial masks?
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What skin condition is characterized by patches of white skin without pigment?
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What causes skin tags?
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Study Notes
Dermatology and Skin Overview
- Dermatology is the study of the skin, including its structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.
- Skin is the largest organ in the body, providing protection against environmental factors.
- Sensation in the skin alerts the body to heat, cold, touch, pain, and pressure through nerve endings.
Skin Functions
- Secretion: Skin produces sebum, which keeps it soft and serves as a barrier against bacteria.
- Absorption: Permits the passage of substances like water and oxygen.
- Regulation: Maintains body temperature.
- Protection: Shields against heat, cold, and bacteria.
- Excretion: Eliminates sweat, salt, and wastes, removing toxins.
Skin Composition
- The skin consists of three main layers:
- Epidermis: Outermost layer, contains no blood vessels, with five sublayers including Stratum Germinativum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum.
- Dermis: Composed of connective tissues, contains collagen and elastin, gives skin its elasticity.
- Subcutaneous: Fatty tissue below the dermis, acts as a shock absorber and supports delicate structures.
Skin Layers and Cell Function
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Epidermis:
- Stratum Germinativum: Lowest layer where skin cells grow and melanocytes produce melanin.
- Stratum Spinosum: Contains spine-like cells that distribute melanin.
- Stratum Granulosum: Cells appear granular and nearing the skin surface.
- Stratum Lucidum: Found only in palms and soles, consists of flattened squamous cells.
- Stratum Corneum: Toughest layer, composed of keratin cells that are continuously shed and replaced.
Glandular Functions
- Sudoriferous Glands: Sweat glands controlling temperature and excreting waste.
- Sebaceous Glands: Oil glands that connect with hair follicles; produce sebum to maintain skin hydration.
- Sebum: A complex mixture of oily substances that protects and moisturizes skin.
Skin Types and Conditions
- Four basic skin types: dry, oily, normal, and combination.
- Dry Skin: Characterized by peeling and flaking.
- Oily Skin: Shiny appearance and enlarged pores.
- Normal Skin: Healthy color and texture, few blemishes.
- Combination Skin: Shiny T-zone with dryness in other areas.
Skin Disorders and Lesions
- Allergy: Sensitivity leading to symptoms like itching and swelling.
- Inflammation: Redness, pain, and increased temperature.
- Contagious Disease: Can spread through contact.
- Lesions: Abnormal changes in skin structure, categorized as primary (e.g., macules, papules, vesicles) and secondary (e.g., scales, scars).
Pigmentation Abnormalities
- Melanoderma: Hyperpigmentation from melanocyte overactivity.
- Chloasma: Brownish macules in one area.
- Leukoderma: Hypopigmentation due to reduced melanocyte activity.
- Albinism: Lack of melanin production.
- Vitiligo: Irregular patches of white skin.
Acne and Related Conditions
- Acne: Common chronic inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands.
- Furuncles: Boils caused by bacterial infection in dermis.
- Carbuncles: Clusters of furuncles.
- Anhidrosis: Lack of perspiration needing medical attention.
- Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating requiring medical attention.
Skin Care Techniques
- Proper skin care includes a balanced diet, hydration, exercise, rest, and professional treatments.
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Massage Techniques:
- Effleurage: Gentle stroking movements.
- Petrissage: Kneading to stimulate muscles and circulation.
- Tapotement: Tapping or slapping movements.
- Friction: Circular motions with no gliding.
- Vibration: Shaking movements with contact.
Facial Treatments
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Facial Masks: Provide hydration, pore tightening, and oil reduction.
- Types include clay/mud, cream, gel, modeling, and paraffin masks, each suited for different skin types.
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