Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about updated serving sizes is true?
Which of the following statements about updated serving sizes is true?
What is the new reference amount for a serving of soda as per the updated guidelines?
What is the new reference amount for a serving of soda as per the updated guidelines?
What change is incorporated in the refreshed food label design?
What change is incorporated in the refreshed food label design?
Which of the following foods is exempt from nutrition labeling?
Which of the following foods is exempt from nutrition labeling?
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What are the 'Big 8' allergens that must be listed on food labels?
What are the 'Big 8' allergens that must be listed on food labels?
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In which year was sesame added as the 9th allergen?
In which year was sesame added as the 9th allergen?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the updated requirements for serving sizes?
Which of the following is NOT included in the updated requirements for serving sizes?
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What is the purpose of the % DV (Daily Value) on food labels?
What is the purpose of the % DV (Daily Value) on food labels?
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What is a main function of food labeling as mandated by the FDA and FTC?
What is a main function of food labeling as mandated by the FDA and FTC?
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What type of information is NOT typically required on a food label?
What type of information is NOT typically required on a food label?
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How must ingredients be listed on food packaging?
How must ingredients be listed on food packaging?
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What is the significance of the %DV on food labels?
What is the significance of the %DV on food labels?
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Which micronutrients must be included on food labels for consumer awareness?
Which micronutrients must be included on food labels for consumer awareness?
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What regulatory change has occurred regarding trans fats on food labels?
What regulatory change has occurred regarding trans fats on food labels?
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What is the purpose of the 2% rule in food labeling?
What is the purpose of the 2% rule in food labeling?
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Which statement about calories from fat is correct according to the current labeling regulations?
Which statement about calories from fat is correct according to the current labeling regulations?
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Study Notes
Food and Supplement Labeling
- A learning tool to help consumers make healthier food choices
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issue regulations mandating specific information on the label
- The name and form of the product
- The net amount (weight, measure, or count)
- The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor
- The purpose is to enable value comparisons and prevent unfair or deceptive packaging and labeling.
Ingredient List
- Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight
- The further down the list, the less of that ingredient is in the product
- This information provides a relative idea of how much of each ingredient is in a product but not the proportion
- Less than 2% of an ingredient doesn't need to be listed on the label.
Greater Understanding of Nutrition Science
- Reflects current knowledge about nutrition and health
- Trans fat percentages are no longer required
- Added sugars (grams as a percentage)
- Includes glucose, fructose, molasses, cane sugar, and honey
- Total carbohydrates include sugar and starch
- Micronutrients, like Vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium, need to be listed on the label (added)
- Vitamin A and C no longer need to be labeled
- Calories from fat are not required to be listed
Nutrition Science
- Percent Daily Value (%DV) shows the amount of nutrients to consume or not exceed
- The %DV refers to the percentage of a nutrient in one serving of food based on a 2000 calorie diet
- Daily Values (DVs) are reference values established by the FDA for use on food labels.
- Some nutrients (like sodium) should not be exceeded
- Others (like fiber) show the daily goal
Updated Serving Sizes
- Packaged foods and beverages typically consumed in one sitting are labeled as a single serving
- A dual column label is required on larger packages that can be consumed in multiple sittings
Food Label Information
- Food label information is a useful resource for consumers
- Almost 90% of packaged foods provide nutrition information
- Raw foods, foods with insignificant amounts of specific nutrients, and foods in small packages are exempt from providing nutrition information
Allergens
- The eight major food allergies (fish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans, milk, eggs, and, since 2023, sesame) are required on labels
- All ingredients containing these eight allergens must be clearly stated, even if present in small amounts
FDA Allowed Claims
- Nutrient content claims describe the calorie, sugar, and fat content of a food.
- Health claims describe a relationship between foods and diseases.
- Structure/function claims describe how nutrients affect the body's structure or function.
- Cosmetics claims refer to types of products (e.g., "cruelty free").
Dietary and Herbal Supplements
- Supplements are intended to add to a balanced diet, not replace it.
- Dietary supplements are foods that contain vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids or substances
- FDA estimates there are more than 29,000 supplements on the market
- The majority of supplements are multivitamin/multimineral supplements
- Scientific research is often lacking for many herbal products
- Supplements are not required to carry warnings, unlike medicine
- Before a drug can be marketed, clinical studies must be conducted to prove safety
Food Quality Concerns
- Functional foods are a fast-growing segment of the food industry
- Foods intended to provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Food Safety Concerns
- Foodborne illnesses in the U.S. affect many millions annually.
- Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and molds are the usual causes of foodborne illness
- Foodborne illnesses are usually self-limiting
- Food handling is the most common cause of foodborne illnesses, resulting in cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods.
Food Biotechnology
- In a bid to address world hunger, food biotechnology is used to improve and grow crop quality for greater yields
Adverse Effects
- Adverse effects of supplements are only revealed when consumers report them to FDA.
- Several food-related illnesses can be caused by foodborne bacteria, viruses, parasites or molds.
- Steps must be taken to prevent cross contamination between raw and cooked foods and from food handling sources.
Disorders of the Stomach
- Includes peptic ulcers, gastroparesis, and dumping syndrome
- Symptoms include pain, nausea and vomiting, and discomfort.
- Medical care is necessary.
- Diet and management of underlying conditions can positively affect symptoms.
Disorders of the Esophagus
- Includes dysphagia and GERD
- Symptoms include swallowing difficulty or heartburn and can have a profound impact on intake and nutritional status.
- Treatment may include nutrition therapy, speech therapy, or medication, contingent on cause.
Cardiovascular Disorders
- includes numerous problems related to a process called atherosclerosis
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the U.S.
- Other types of heart disease include heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart valve problems
- Plaque buildup in the arteries can lead to heart attack or stroke.
High Blood Cholesterol
- High blood cholesterol is a condition where there's too much cholesterol in the blood; usually asymptomatic;
- LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)- the "bad" cholesterol - higher LDL, greater your chance of developing heart disease
- HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) - the "good" cholesterol - higher HDL, lower the chance of heart disease
Dietary Considerations for People with Cancer or HIV/AIDS
- Nutritional therapy in cancer and HIV/AIDS aims to improve quality of life and minimize malnutrition by
- Tailoring diet to address individual needs - adjusting caloric and protein intakes,
- Supplying micronutrients as needed.
Managing Diabetes
- Blood glucose needs to be monitored regularly with a glucose meter
- Continuous glucose monitoring can also help track glucose levels,
- Blood testing (HbA1C and fructosamine) can assess long-term blood glucose control.
- A balanced diet, exercise, and medications are often necessary to manage diabetes
- Diabetic care involves multiple factors, requiring individualized guidance.
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