1st Year Muscle Tissues Lecture Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which muscles are specifically involved with rib elevation during respiration?

Iliocostalis muscles

Transversospinalis muscles

Levatores costarum muscles (correct)

Longissimus muscles

Which muscle is NOT innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

All muscles of the pharynx

Stylopharyngeus (correct)

Palate muscles

All muscles of the larynx

What is the primary function of the epaxial muscles mentioned in the content?

Flexion of the vertebral column

Rotation of the vertebral column

Lateral movement of the vertebral column

Dorsal extension of the vertebral column (correct)

Which muscle group is formed by the muscles that lie dorsal to the vertebral column?

Epaxial muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

Tensor veli palatini Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates all the muscles formed from the first branchial arch?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the facial nerve?

Stylohyoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the only muscle associated with the third branchial arch?

Stylopharyngeus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in mastication and innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

Temporalis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the muscles from the fourth and sixth branchial arches?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle development does the digastric muscle exhibit?

Mixed innervation from trigeminal and facial nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which of these muscles is NOT derived from the branchial arches?

Sternocleidomastoid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does NOT belong to the first branchial arch?

Stylohyoid Signup and view all the answers

What role does the quadriceps femoris play when extending the knee joint?

Prime Mover Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as the antagonist during the extension of the forearm?

Triceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a fixator muscle?

Stabilizes the origin of the prime mover Signup and view all the answers

Which component comprises a motor unit?

Motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies Signup and view all the answers

What happens to skeletal muscle fibers due to loss of motor innervation?

Rapid muscle fiber degeneration Signup and view all the answers

Which action is associated with the biceps brachii?

Flexion of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by muscle tone?

Partial contraction of muscles while at rest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a synergist muscle?

Muscle that assists the prime mover Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the dorsal roots?

They carry afferent fibers to the spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of disuse atrophy in muscles?

Breakdown of muscle tissue due to lack of use. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the structure of a mixed nerve is correct?

It includes sympathetic fibers along with motor and sensory fibers. Signup and view all the answers

How are skeletal muscles named based on their function?

For the type of movement they produce. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the ventral roots of spinal nerves?

They transmit efferent signals to muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'SAD DAVE' help to remember?

The relationships between afferent and efferent fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that increases the size of an opening?

Dilator Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the dorsal root ganglion?

It houses afferent cell bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'transverse' refer to in muscle naming?

Crosswise orientation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle names indicates its depth?

Flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

What does the name 'Latissimus dorsi' refer to?

Broadest muscle of the back Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with muscles that have two origins?

Biceps Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of muscle naming does the prefix 'Brachii' refer to?

Location in the arm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the muscles that are named based on size?

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Superficialis' indicate regarding a muscle's position?

It is a superficial muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle name reflects its shape?

Deltoid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Branchiomeric Musculature

First branchial arch muscles are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, including muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini.
Second branchial arch muscles are innervated by the facial nerve, which includes muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius muscle.
The only muscle from the third branchial arch is the stylopharyngeus, innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Muscles from the fourth and sixth branchial arches are innervated by the vagus nerve, encompassing muscles of the palate (except tensor veli palatini), pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), and larynx.

Embryonic Development of Muscles

Muscles originate from somite myotomes, specifically epaxial muscles, which are dorsal to the vertebral column.
The epaxial group consists of transversospinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis muscles, alongside levatores costarum involved in rib elevation during respiration.

Roles of Muscles in Movements

Prime mover (agonist) is the main muscle responsible for a specific movement (e.g., triceps in forearm extension).
Antagonist opposes the action of the prime mover (e.g., biceps brachii during extension).
Synergists assist prime movers in their actions, while fixators stabilize the origin of prime movers through isometric contractions.
Muscle tone refers to the partial contraction state of muscles at rest.

Motor Unit

A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.
Importance of nerve supply: Loss of motor innervation leads to rapid muscle fiber degeneration and atrophy, observable within hours of denervation.

Disuse Atrophy

Disuse atrophy is a physiological response to not using muscles enough, leading to decreased size and strength.
The principle mnemonic for spinal cord anatomy states: Sensory = Afferent = Dorsal; Efferent = Ventral.

Innervation of Skeletal Muscle

Each skeletal muscle is supplied by one or more mixed nerves (60% motor, 40% sensory), including sympathetic fibers.

Bases of Nomenclature of Muscles

Muscle names are often based on action, direction of fibers, attachments, depth, position, number of heads, size, and shape.
Examples of action-based naming include deltoid (triangular), quadratus (square), and rhomboid (diamond).
Fiber direction can be described as rectus (straight), obliques (angled), and transverse (horizontal).
Notable examples of attachment: sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and coracobrachialis.
Intrinsic muscles are shaped and named according to their form.
Size distinctions may have terms like major, minor, and specific identifiers for size in muscle names, such as gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the generalities of muscle tissues, specifically focusing on branchiomeric musculature. This quiz covers the essential concepts and innervation of muscles arising from the first branchial arch, as discussed in the lecture prepared by Tubat, Campos, De Jose, and Valiente.