1st Year F

Fundamental Particles and Physics Branches

• The branch of physics that studies the ultimate particles of matter is known as particle physics.
• Fundamental particles are the basic building blocks of matter and cannot be divided further. Examples include quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons.
• Non-fundamental particles may include composite particles like protons and neutrons, as they are made up of quarks.

Atomic Nuclei Physics

• The branch of physics concerned with atomic nuclei is called nuclear physics.
• Nuclear physics examines the structure, behavior, and interactions of atomic nuclei, including processes like nuclear decay and fusion.

SI Units and Measurement

• Fundamental units in the International System of Units (SI) include meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current), kelvin (temperature), mole (amount of substance), and candela (luminous intensity).
• Non-fundamental units may include derived units like newtons (force) and joules (energy), as they are based on combinations of fundamental units.

SI Base Unit for Mass

• In SI units, the base unit for measuring mass is the kilogram (kg), which is defined by a specific physical artifact and is a fundamental unit in the metric system.