Untitled Quiz

All plant cells require a range of inorganic ions and water for their survival. These are absorbed by roots from the soil and transported throughout the plant.

Plants take up inorganic ions from the soil solution. Ions are absorbed into root hairs, transported through the root, and then into the xylem.

The movement of ions from a high concentration in the soil to a lower concentration inside the root hair cell, without requiring energy from the plant.

The movement of ions from a low concentration in the soil to a higher concentration inside the root hair cell, requiring energy supplied by ATP hydrolysis.

Water moves from the soil into root hairs, travels across the root, enters the xylem, and moves upwards through the plant into the leaves.

Thin, single-celled extensions of root cells that act as a specialized exchange surface for the uptake of water and mineral ions from the soil.

Water moves passively from areas of higher water potential (in the root hairs) to areas of lower water potential (in the xylem), driving water transport across the root.

The pathway for water movement through the cell walls of the cortex cells, where water travels across the plant without entering the cytoplasm.

The process by which plant roots absorb essential ions from the soil against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure.

The layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue in roots that controls the movement of water and ions into the xylem, preventing leakage.

The tendency of water to move from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.

Long, hollow, dead cells with thickened walls, joined end-to-end to form continuous tubes for efficient water transport and support.

Long, living cells joined end-to-end with perforated plates, forming a continuous tube for transporting sugars and other organic molecules.

Living cells adjacent to sieve tubes, providing energy and support for the sieve tube's active sugar loading process.

The movement of sugars into the phloem from the leaf against a concentration gradient, requiring active transport and energy.

The force that draws water up the xylem from roots to leaves due to the evaporation of water from the leaves.

Long, hollow tubes made of dead, specialized cells called xylem elements, transporting water upwards.

A strong, waterproof substance found in the walls of xylem elements, providing support and preventing water loss.

The process of water vapor escaping from a plant's leaves into the atmosphere.

Humidity, temperature, light intensity, air movements, stomatal aperture, plant structure and leaf anatomy.

The opening and closing of stomata (pores in leaves) controls the rate of water vapor diffusion.

Determining the rate of water vapor leaving a plant's leaves is difficult.

An apparatus used to measure the rate at which a plant stem takes up water.

Elongated living cells that form sieve tubes, responsible for transporting assimilates in phloem.

Perforated end walls of two connecting sieve elements, allowing for the continuous flow of liquid.

Specialized cells that are closely associated with sieve elements, providing metabolic support and aiding in transport.

The main substance transported in phloem is sucrose, a type of sugar.

Assimilates are soluble organic substances, such as sugars, that a plant has produced.

Sieve elements are elongated living cells with a thin layer of cytoplasm, perforated end walls forming sieve plates, and sometimes strands of fibrous protein.

Cytoplasmic strands that connect adjacent plant cells, allowing for direct communication and transport of molecules between cells.

Plasmodesmata act as channels that allow for the direct passage of molecules between plant cells, including water, nutrients, and signaling molecules.

The liquid that flows through the phloem tubes, primarily composed of water and dissolved sugars like sucrose.

An area in a plant where sugars are loaded into the phloem, typically leaves where photosynthesis occurs.

An area in a plant where sugars are removed from the phloem, such as growing roots, fruits, or storage organs.

The process by which sucrose is loaded into companion cells against its concentration gradient, requiring energy from ATP.

A protein in the companion cell membrane that facilitates the simultaneous movement of hydrogen ions and sucrose into the cell.

The process where sucrose moves from the phloem into surrounding tissues that require it for energy or growth.

The movement of sucrose out of the phloem and into the tissues, aided by specific protein channels.

Phloem protein used to be thought to play a crucial role in phloem transport, but recent evidence shows it's not present in functional phloem.

The mechanism of phloem transport where fluids, carrying sugars, move in bulk from source to sink due to pressure gradients.

Transpiration, the evaporation of water from plants, can significantly impact regional climate through changes in humidity and temperature.

Changes in land cover, like replacing forests with crops, can affect transpiration rates and alter regional climate.

Transpiration has a cooling effect on the environment, as it removes heat energy through the evaporation of water.