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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a case-control study?

  • To determine cause and effect relationships
  • To compare two groups with and without a specific outcome (correct)
  • To observe the natural progression of a disease
  • To study the prevalence of a disease in a population

Which type of research involves synthesizing already published research?

  • Secondary research (correct)
  • Primary research
  • Basic research
  • Clinical research

Which of the following is a key feature of case-control studies?

  • Cases and controls must be matched based on their disease status
  • Cases and controls must be similar except for their disease status (correct)
  • Cases and controls must have the same outcome
  • Cases and controls must have the same exposure histories

What is a potential disadvantage of case-control studies?

<p>They can be affected by recall bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the design of a cohort study?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the exposure odds ratio (OR) in a case-control study?

<p>OR = ad/bc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 indicate in a case-control study?

<p>Cases had greater odds of exposure than controls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching in a case-control study?

<p>To ensure that cases and controls have similar demographic characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of association used in case-control studies?

<p>Odds ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study recruits participants based on a defining characteristic, such as birth or graduation, and performs a cross-section at intervals through time?

<p>Longitudinal study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a cohort study, the study participants must be similar except for what?

<p>Exposure status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim/objective of a cohort study?

<p>To compare rates of a new (incident) disease over time in people with and without a particular well-defined exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of population is used in a longitudinal cohort study where all participants start the study at the same time and no additional participants are added after the study’s start date?

<p>Fixed population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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