CNS: Cerebral Palsy

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Questions and Answers

Match each cause of cerebral palsy with its description:

Premature birth = Occurs when babies are born too early Intrauterine virus (TORCH) = Infection/toxicity damages the baby Hypoxia & Ischemia = Inadequate oxygen supply to the brain Trauma = Physical injury during or after birth

Match each in utero cause of Hypoxia & Ischemia with its description:

Kink in the umbilical cord = Umbilical cord becomes twisted or compressed Cord wrapping around the fetus's neck = Umbilical cord constricts or is wrapped around the fetus's neck Maldevelopment of the placenta = Improper development of the placenta Shock in the mother = Sudden drop in blood flow to the fetus

Match each postpartum cause of Hypoxia or Ischemia with its description:

Suppression of respiratory centers = Occurs through overmedication of the mother Pneumonia = Inflammation of the lungs leading to oxygen deprivation Collapsed lung = Lung is unable to expand Drowning of the infant = Can cause asphyxiation

Match each cause of Trauma with its description:

Separation of the placenta = Placenta detaches from the uterine wall Difficult of prolonged delivery = Delivery involves excessive force Postpartum head injury = Head trauma due to accident or abuse Rupture of cerebral blood vessels = Brain bleed Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its description related to presentation of cerebral palsy:

Mild presentation = Subtle symptoms noticeable to healthcare professionals Profound presentation = Significant disability Wide Spectrum = Variations in symptoms Proprioception = Mostly affected by cerebral palsy Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of Spastic cerebral palsy with the body areas affected:

Monoplegia = One limb Diplegia = Affects both legs Hemiplegia = Affects one side of the body Quadriplegia = Affects all four limbs Signup and view all the answers

Match each description with the type of cerebral palsy it describes:

Spastic = Increased muscle tone; accounts for 75% of all cases Dyskinetic(Athetoid) = Involuntary movement Ataxic = Poor balance and coordination Mixed = Combination of multiple cerebral palsies Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of Cerebral Palsy with its effect:

Spastic Cerebral Palsy = Stiff and difficult movement Athetoid Cerebral Palsy = Involuntary and uncontrolled movements Ataxic Cerebral Palsy = Involved in balance and coordination Mixed Cerebral Palsy = Display a combination of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of focal seizure with its description:

Without loss of consciousness = May involve changes in senses like taste, smell, or involuntary movements. With impaired awareness = Characterized by a change or loss of consciousness, blank stare, or repetitive movements. Generalized seizure = Involves more of a diffuse area of the brain Absence seizure = Brief loss of awareness and often facial movements lasting up to 10 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of generalized seizure with its description:

Absence (petit mal) = Brief loss of awareness, sometimes with facial movements, and typically no memory of the event. Tonic-clonic (grand mal) = Involves intermittent muscle contraction and relaxation, often with loss of consciousness. Without loss of consciousness = May involve changes in senses like taste, smell, or involuntary movements. Generalized seizure = Involves more of a diffuse area of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the massage consideration with its appropriate rationale for clients with seizures:

Understand and remove triggers = Prevent inducing a seizure during the massage session. Gentle, relaxing massage techniques = Promote relaxation without overstimulation. Adjust face rest for comfort = Accommodate any dizziness or balance issues the client may be experiencing. Stretching neck muscles = Homecare consideration for TBI Signup and view all the answers

Match the special test with its primary purpose in assessing TBI?

Spurling's or Decompression test = To assess possible nerve root compression. Neck ROM assessment = To identify limitations and pain associated with neck movement. Cognitive ability = To evaluate memory, attention, and processing speed. Warm bath = Homecare consideration for TBI Signup and view all the answers

Match the suggested home care activity with its primary benefit for individuals recovering from TBI:

Warm bath (10-15 minutes) = Promotes relaxation and can aid in improving sleep quality. Aerobic exercise = Enhances cardiovascular health and can improve cognitive function. Journaling of symptoms = Assists in tracking and managing symptoms by identifying triggers and patterns. Massage Considerations = Understand and remove triggers Signup and view all the answers

Match the potential cause with the timing of brain damage in Cerebral Palsy:

In utero = Hypoxia during the second half of pregnancy. During the birth process = Trauma or oxygen deprivation experienced during delivery. In early childhood = Infections or injuries affecting the brain within the first three years of life. Massage Considerations = Understand and remove triggers Signup and view all the answers

Match the provided treatment option with its intended effect on a patient's seizures:

Antiseizure medication = Reduce the frequency of seizures Cannabinoids = Reduce the frequency of seizures Mild sedatives = Promotes relaxation and can aid in improving sleep quality. Journaling of Symptoms = Assists in tracking and managing symptoms by identifying triggers and patterns Signup and view all the answers

Match homecare excercises with the symptom it adresses in TBI patients:

Warm bath = Insomnia Aerobic Exercise = Cognitive Function Stretching Neck Muscles = Pain and tension Neck ROM assessment = To identify limitations and pain associated with neck movement Signup and view all the answers

Match the definition with the condition:

Focal Seizure = Seizure is limited to a single area of the brain Generalized Seizure = Involves more of a diffuse area and is seen approximately 30% of cases Cerebral Palsy = A group of non-progressive, irreversible motor disorders caused by brain damage to an immature brain With impaired awareness = Characterized by a change or loss of consciousness, blank stare, or repetitive movements Signup and view all the answers

Match each TBI classification with its corresponding duration of unconsciousness:

Mild TBI = Less than 30 minutes Moderate TBI = 30 minutes to 24 hours Severe TBI = More than 24 hours No TBI = No loss of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Match the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score range with the corresponding severity of brain injury:

GCS 13-15 = Mild head injury GCS 9-12 = Moderate head injury GCS 3-8 = Severe brain injury/coma GCS 16-18 = Not a valid GCS Score Signup and view all the answers

Match these terms related to concussion mechanisms with their definitions:

Coup Injury = Injury at the site of impact Contrecoup Injury = Injury on the opposite side of the impact Rotational Force = Most likely to lead to loss of consciousness Linear Force = Force applied in a straight line Signup and view all the answers

Match the massage considerations with their corresponding rationale when treating clients with concussion or PPCS:

Remove noxious stimuli = Minimize sensory overload that can exacerbate symptoms Promote relaxation = Help reduce autonomic dysfunction and tension Avoid rocking/shaking = Prevent exacerbation of dizziness and cervicogenic symptoms Deep tissue massage = Could cause discomfort or pain Signup and view all the answers

Match the post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) symptoms with the body system they primarily affect:

Headaches = Neurological Vision changes = Sensory Autonomic dysfunction = Autonomic Nervous System Muscle Spasms = Musculoskeletal Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the correct definition:

Concussion = A mild TBI with functional changes but without structural damage. Contusion = Bruising or bleeding along the brain surface. Epilepsy = Explosive episodes of uncontrolled and excessive electrical activity in the brain. Whiplash = Neck injury due to sudden acceleration/deceleration. Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment strategies with their primary goal:

Rest = Promote brain recovery and reduce metabolic demand NSAIDs = Control headaches Avoid Bright Lights and Electronics = Reduce sensory overstimulation Strength Training = Is generally not recommended at the beginning of concussion treatment Signup and view all the answers

Match the duration of post-traumatic amnesia with the TBI classifications:

Mild TBI = Less than 24 hours Moderate TBI = 1-7 days Severe TBI = More than 7 days Death = Permanent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Glasgow Coma Scale descriptions with the correct implication.

15 = You're fully awake, responsive and have no problems with thinking ability or memory. 13 – 14 = Means a mild head injury. 9 – 12 = Indicates a moderate head injury. 3–8 = You're in a coma and have a severe brain injury – immediate emergency care is required Signup and view all the answers

Match treatment with appropriate injuries:

Concussion = Rest, avoiding vigorous activity, NSAIDs, Seizure Disorder = Medication, vagus nerve stimulation, ketogenic diet Contusion = Observation, imaging techniques (MRI, CT scans), medication Fracture = Immobilization and referral to physician. Signup and view all the answers

Match the Post-Concussion signs and symptoms with examples of those:

Autonomic Dysfunction = Tears, anger for no reason, BP changes Headaches = Tension, migraines Vision Changes = Blurred or double vision and sensitivity to light. Memory loss = STM or LTM issues. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with the treatment that is used:

BTT = Brain Tap Therapy VOM = Visceral Osteopathic Manipulation Concussion Symptom Removal = Remove noxious stimuli, promote relaxation, and support light aerobic exercise. Severe Cases of Concussions = Physical therapy, speech therapy, recreation therapy and occupational therapy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with the definition:

Axonal Injury = Damage to the nerve fibers in the brain that can disrupt normal communication Metabolic Cascade = A series of biochemical events triggered by a brain injury that can lead to energy imbalances Neurotransmitter Imbalance = Disruptions to the chemicals in the brain that transmit signals between neurons Brain Fog = A temporary state of decreased lucidity. Signup and view all the answers

Match duration of Post Concussion Syndrome (PPCS) with symptom examples:

Less Than 4-6 weeks = Acute More Than 4 - 6 weeks = PPCS 1 - 3 Months = Possible PPCS No Time Frame = Symptoms may have nothing to do with a concussion Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of cerebral palsy with its primary motor impairment:

Diplegic = Primarily affects both legs, often resulting in a scissor gait. Athetoid = Characterized by slow, writhing, involuntary movements, increasing with intention. Ataxic = Involves poor coordination and balance due to cerebellar damage. Hemiplegic = Affects one side of the body, potentially impacting ambulation. Signup and view all the answers

Match the common symptoms of cerebral palsy with their descriptions:

Spasticity = Increased muscle tone, causing stiffness and difficulty with movement. Athetoid Movements = Involuntary, slow, and writhing motions that can affect the entire body. Ataxia = Impaired balance and coordination, leading to unsteady movements. Contracture Formation = Permanent shortening of muscles and tendons, limiting joint range of motion. Signup and view all the answers

Match the potential musculoskeletal outcomes of cerebral palsy with appropriate massage therapy treatments:

Muscle Tightness = Massage techniques to decrease muscle tone and increase flexibility. Edema = Gentle massage to promote fluid movement and reduce swelling. Decreased ROM = Massage and stretching to improve joint mobility and range of motion. Pain = Massage to reduce muscle tension and alleviate discomfort. Signup and view all the answers

Match the listed gait patterns with their specific characteristics:

Scissors Gait = Legs adduct and cross midline during ambulation. Toe Walking = Walking primarily on the toes due to tight calf muscles. Spastic Gait = Stiff and jerky movements due to increased muscle tone. Ataxic Gait = Unsteady and uncoordinated gait with a wide base of support. Signup and view all the answers

Match the massage therapy considerations with their importance when treating clients with cerebral palsy:

Communication = Establishing effective communication methods due to potential verbal limitations. Comfort = Ensuring proper positioning and support to maximize comfort. Fatigue = Informing the client that the massage session may cause fatigue. Positioning = Avoiding the prone position. Signup and view all the answers

Match the systemic outcomes related to cerebral palsy with indicated massage therapy:

Compromised Respiration = Techniques to aid inhalation and rib function. Gastrointestinal Issues = Massage to help gastrointestinal motility. Muscle Spasms = Techniques to promote overall relaxation and comfort. Decreased Proprioception = PNF strengthening and core PNF. Signup and view all the answers

Match the assessment category with examples of assessment techniques:

Breathing Assessment = Observing depth, rate, and ease of respiration. Peripheral Nerve Compression Tests = Specific orthopedic tests to assess nerve impingement. Walking Gait Assessment = Observing stride length, balance, and movement patterns. Functional Assessment = Evaluating range of motion. Signup and view all the answers

Match the potential impact of postural dysfunctions with their effects:

Scoliosis = Potential respiratory difficulties. Hyperlordosis = Increased lumbar curve. Hyperkyphosis = Increased thoracic curve. Hip Flexion = Contributes to toe walking. Signup and view all the answers

Match each question topic with massage therapy considerations:

Challenges = Explore daily activities and limitations to tailor treatments. Medications = Impact on treatment like medications to control seizures, relax muscle spasms and alleviate pain. Previous Massage History = Adapt techniques based on past experiences and preferences. Secondary Conditions = Address related issues like epilepsy, mental development delay and emotional disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

Match potential massage techniques with their intended benefits for a CP client:

Deep Tissue Massage = Release tight muscles and decrease muscle tone causing pain. Gentle Joint Mobilization = Promote joint health. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) = Decrease weakness. Swedish Massage = Promote relaxation and comfort. Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of treatment with its use:

Physical Therapy = Improve motor skills and mobility. Occupational Therapy = Improve fine motor and daily living skills. Speech Therapy = Address communication and swallowing difficulties. Orthotics = Provide support for weak joints. Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of reflex with its potential effect:

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) = Difficulty reaching or using both hands together. Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) = Difficulty with crawling or transitioning to sitting. Moro Reflex = Exaggerated startle response can interfere with relaxation. Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) = Can interfere with head control and balance. Signup and view all the answers

Match each term to its description:

Dyskinesia = Uncontrolled movement, slow & writhing. Choreiform = Quick, uncontrolled movements that do not stop with sleep. Flaccidity = Muscles are weak and soft. Spasticity = Muscles are stiff and difficult to move. Signup and view all the answers

Associate the following positioning modifications with their described use case:

Side Lying = Clients with esophageal reflux. Pillow under knees = Clients with increased adductor tone. Towels to prevent pronation of ankles = Clients with rotation in their lower limbs. Support with pillows = Clients in a wheelchair. Signup and view all the answers

Match the secondary condition with its massage consideration:

Edema = Elevate affected limbs. Decubitus Ulcers = Avoid these areas when treating. Dysarthria = Give the client time to respond. Seizures = Be aware of triggers. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Concussion (mTBI)

A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with functional changes but without structural damage.

Contusion (Brain)

More serious than a concussion, involving bruising or bleeding on the brain's surface.

Seizure Disorder (Epilepsy)

Explosive episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, leading to changes in behavior or consciousness.