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Questions and Answers

What are the two main parts of a cell?

Cytoskeleton and Inclusions
Cell membrane and Ribosomes
Cytoplasm and Nucleus (correct)
Mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm?

It is a solid structure with no fluidity.
It contains both living and non-living structures. (correct)
It is only responsible for cell division.
It is exclusively non-living components.

Which of the following is a characteristic of membranous organelles?

They include ribosomes.
They are covered by membranes. (correct)
They are uncovered by membranes.
They are not involved in vital functions.

What type of organelles include ribosomes and cytoskeleton?

Non-membranous organelles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoplasm is considered metabolically inactive?

Inclusions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitochondrial organelle?

It provides energy for the cell. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates inclusions from organelles in the cytoplasm?

Inclusions are non-living while organelles are living structures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Ribosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What component primarily contributes to the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Lipid bilayer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane is correct?

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

It modulates membrane fluidity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What appearance does the cell membrane have when viewed under an electron microscope?

Trilaminar appearance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is embedded within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Transmembrane proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the transmembrane proteins in the cell membrane?

Providing structural support (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

To interact with the surrounding aqueous environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can the cell membrane be stained to visualize its components?

Using PAS stain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

ATP production (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is found in the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Cristae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of respiratory enzymes found in the mitochondrial matrix?

Citric acid cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern is observed for mitochondrial DNA?

Maternal inheritance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of mitochondria is responsible for synthesizing some of their proteins?

Mitochondrial ribosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of mutations in mitochondrial DNA?

Muscular dystrophy (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do mitochondria regulate calcium ions in the cell?

By storing calcium granules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the outer membrane of mitochondria?

Smooth and porous (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oligosaccharide chains in the cell membrane?

Facilitating cell to cell adhesion and identification (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocytosis involves the engulfing of solid particles?

Phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, what protein is associated with the cytoplasmic side of receptors?

Clathrin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes exocytosis from endocytosis?

Exocytosis releases substances from inside to outside the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes pinocytosis?

Surrounding extracellular fluid to form vesicles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a non-functioning growth hormone (GH) receptor?

Normal GH levels but ineffective hormone action (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the fusion of intracellular vacuoles with lysosomes for content digestion?

Both B and C (B) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the formation of a coated pit during receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Binding of specific ligands to integral proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cytoplasm parts

The cytoplasm contains both living (organelles) and non-living (inclusions) components.

Membranous organelles

These organelles are enclosed by membranes, separating their internal environment from the cytoplasm.

Non-membranous organelles

These organelles, like ribosomes and cytoskeleton, are not enclosed by membranes.

Inclusions

These are non-living structures within the cytoplasm, often metabolically inactive storage products.