Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does gender refer to in the context of society?
What does gender refer to in the context of society?
What is one reason for studying gender and society?
What is one reason for studying gender and society?
What does Article 2, Section 13 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution emphasize?
What does Article 2, Section 13 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution emphasize?
What is a significant barrier to girls' education in the Philippines?
What is a significant barrier to girls' education in the Philippines?
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What is the global labor force participation rate for women as of 2023?
What is the global labor force participation rate for women as of 2023?
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What is one characteristic of the glass ceiling effect?
What is one characteristic of the glass ceiling effect?
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What percentage of parliamentary seats do women occupy worldwide?
What percentage of parliamentary seats do women occupy worldwide?
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What is one form of workplace discrimination against women?
What is one form of workplace discrimination against women?
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What does the term 'Glass Ceiling' refer to?
What does the term 'Glass Ceiling' refer to?
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Which of the following describes Domestic Violence?
Which of the following describes Domestic Violence?
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Which legislation specifically addresses harassment in workplaces?
Which legislation specifically addresses harassment in workplaces?
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What percentage of women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence in the Philippines according to the NDHS 2022?
What percentage of women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence in the Philippines according to the NDHS 2022?
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Malala Yousafzai is known for advocating which of the following?
Malala Yousafzai is known for advocating which of the following?
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What is a common challenge in addressing violence against women?
What is a common challenge in addressing violence against women?
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Healthcare discrimination includes inadequate access to what type of services?
Healthcare discrimination includes inadequate access to what type of services?
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Which factor contributes to sexual violence against women?
Which factor contributes to sexual violence against women?
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What is a significant cultural expectation that restricts women's opportunities?
What is a significant cultural expectation that restricts women's opportunities?
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What does the Reproductive Health Law (RA 10354) ensure?
What does the Reproductive Health Law (RA 10354) ensure?
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What is a significant consequence of illegal abortions in the Philippines?
What is a significant consequence of illegal abortions in the Philippines?
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What is the main focus of the Safe Spaces Act?
What is the main focus of the Safe Spaces Act?
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What is a major criticism of the legal separation and annulment processes in the Philippines?
What is a major criticism of the legal separation and annulment processes in the Philippines?
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What role does education play in addressing gender discrimination?
What role does education play in addressing gender discrimination?
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How is workplace harassment currently viewed in relation to existing laws?
How is workplace harassment currently viewed in relation to existing laws?
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Why is there advocacy for a divorce law in the Philippines?
Why is there advocacy for a divorce law in the Philippines?
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Study Notes
Gender and Society: Introduction
- Gender encompasses the socially constructed roles and identities of individuals across the gender spectrum.
- Society refers to communities of people sharing customs, laws, and organizations in a structured environment.
Importance of Studying Gender and Society
- Promotes equality and addresses systemic social issues.
- Encourages inclusive perspectives in education and societal discourse.
- Equips educators to handle gender-related topics effectively.
Legal Framework in the Philippines
- Article 2, Section 13 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates gender equality in nation-building.
- Government responsible for creating policies promoting gender equality, serving as a foundation for gender-related laws.
Education
- Globally, 129 million girls are out of school; 32 million are of primary schooling age.
- Philippine female literacy rates stand at 97.1%, higher than 96.1% for males.
- Quality education disparities persist in rural areas, influenced by socio-cultural and economic factors.
Employment Landscape
- Women's global labor force participation is 47%, significantly lower than men's 74%.
- In the Philippines, women's participation is about 46%, with men at 76%.
- Women earn 10-20% less than their male counterparts in the Philippines.
Workplace Challenges
- Glass Ceiling: Women remain underrepresented in leadership roles due to cultural stereotypes and traditional gender expectations.
Political Participation
- Women hold approximately 25% of parliamentary seats globally and about 28% in the Philippine House of Representatives.
- Prevailing gender biases impact women's leadership and political campaigns.
Discrimination Against Women
- Forms include workplace discrimination, educational stereotyping, healthcare access issues, and political underrepresentation.
- Wage disparities, limited promotion opportunities, and unequal treatment persist across sectors.
Pay Gap and Glass Ceiling
- Pay Gap describes average earnings differences between genders while the Glass Ceiling represents barriers preventing women from top positions.
Violence Against Women
- One in three women worldwide faces physical or sexual violence.
- In the Philippines, roughly 24% of women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence, and 6% sexual violence.
Types of Violence
- Domestic violence includes emotional and economic abuse within households.
- Sexual harassment occurs in public spaces and workplaces; human trafficking primarily affects women and girls.
Legal Framework for Protection
- Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act (RA 9262) offers legal protections for victims.
- Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (RA 7877) addresses workplace harassment.
- Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313) expands the definition of harassment to include public and online spaces.
Implementation Challenges
- Underreporting of violence due to stigma; rural access to support services is limited.
- More gender-sensitivity training required for law enforcement and judiciary.
Cultural Expectations and Discrimination
- Traditional roles often confine women to caregiving, limiting their participation in leadership and diverse professions.
- Educational reform needed to dismantle stereotypes and promote inclusivity.
Women's Health Choices and Legal Issues
- Reproductive Health Law (RA 10354) aims for universal access to contraception and maternal care.
- Abortion remains illegal, leading to unsafe practices and maternal health risks.
Workplace and Public Harassment
- Workplace harassment continues despite laws; enforcement and policies require strengthening.
- Safe Spaces Act penalizes public harassment forms, such as catcalling.
Divorce in the Philippines
- The country lacks a divorce law, with legal separation and annulment being costly options.
- Advocacy for divorce law emphasizes the need for protection from abusive marriages, countered by religious objections.
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