19th-Century American Reform Movements Quiz

Reform Movements in 19th Century America

• The temperance movement attracted many women activists and led to the creation of thousands of temperance organizations.
• Women and children were most affected by alcohol abuse, leading to calls for reform related to women's rights, labor negotiations, and property ownership.
• The movement caused anti-immigrant sentiment towards German and Irish Catholics, who did not support temperance reform due to their cultural alcohol consumption.
• The 18th Amendment in 1919 achieved national political success, but was later repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933.
• Labor reform, spurred by the Industrial Revolution, led to the organization of workers to oppose poor working conditions and low wages.
• The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor were prominent national labor organizations.
• Education reform was linked to labor reform, with Horace Mann being a prominent advocate and Massachusetts providing a model for national reform.
• The U.S. Department of Education was established in 1867 to assist states with public school implementation.
• Prison reform was a prominent movement, with Dorothea Dix instrumental in the asylum movement and other prison reforms.
• The Progressive Era (1896-1916) improved upon the foundation of the Age of Reform, with vital reform efforts in temperance, women's rights, and child labor.
• The New Deal (1933-1939) under President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded and redefined the role of government in America, addressing the need for continued improvements upon 19th-century reforms.

Social and Religious Reform Movements in 19th Century America

• The Second Great Awakening was a period of Protestant revivals in the U.S. from 1795 to 1835, leading to church growth, seminary establishment, and social reform movements.
• The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread globally, causing a shift from agriculture to centralized factory work, impacting living standards and leading to labor advocacy.
• Transcendentalism, a 19th-century movement, focused on the innate purity of humans and criticized institutional society, advocating for an alternative lifestyle.
• Urbanization, a significant social change, resulted from the Industrial Revolution, leading to migration to urban areas and issues related to housing, transportation, and public services.
• Various social reform movements emerged in the 19th century, addressing issues such as abolition, temperance, labor and workplace safety, education, and women's rights.
• Abolitionism was a reform movement dedicated to ending slavery, facing controversy due to its brash tones and constitutional challenges.
• The movement led to the prohibition of slave importation to the U.S. in 1807 and the eventual abolition of slavery through the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865.
• Abolitionism was linked to other moral reform efforts, particularly temperance and women's rights, with activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott involved in both.
• The temperance movement aimed to mitigate or cease alcohol consumption, fueled by the efforts of churches influenced by the Second Great Awakening.
• The reform movements of the 19th century were interconnected and influenced by religious fervor, industrialization, and social changes, shaping the nation's social fabric.